2019年经济学人 血腥学者易卜拉欣·阿瓦徳(2)（在线收听）

Now that IS had territory—the city of Raqqa, too, had fallen to him—he declared a Sunni caliphate and himself Caliph Ibrahim, the most pious, the warrior, the reviver, who would take Baghdad and lead his mujahideen as far as Rome. He not only spoke, but posted his sermon on YouTube. The world noticed him then. He also surprised those who thought they knew him, the family man and keen footballer, living for years in a garret by the Tobchi mosque and teaching children there.

现在伊斯兰国拥有了领土-拉卡市也落到了他的手里-他建立了一个逊尼派哈里发国，自己则是哈里发易卜拉欣，最虔诚的人，战士，复活者，他将占领巴格达，像罗马般长久地领导者他的圣战者。他不仅发表了讲话，而且把自己的布道发到了油管上。世界在那时注意到了他。易卜拉欣也让那些自认为了解自己的人感到惊讶，他们认为他是一名居家男人和足球运动员，多年来一直住在托布基清真寺附近的阁楼里，在那里教孩子们读书。

Obviously he had been galvanised by the American invasion and his imprisonment in 2004 at Camp Bucca, where he taught the other yellow-clad inmates so serenely that his crusader-captors thought him no threat, and let him out. But his interest in the strict imposition of Islamic law came earlier. At university, prompted by an uncle, he had joined a jihadist-Salafist wing of the Muslim Brotherhood. Long before that in the Samarra mosque he would devoutly clean and sweep, aware that his ancestors had won respect for doing that task. He would chastise his neighbours for their un-Islamic smoking, tattoos, or dancing with women.

很明显，易卜拉欣一直在美国的入侵中和2004年在布卡监狱的经历中学习，在那里，他平静地教导其他身穿黄色囚服的囚犯，以致于俘获他的十字军战士认为他没有威胁性，就把他放了出去。但是他对严格执行伊斯兰法律的兴趣之前就有了。在大学，在一位叔叔的鼓励下，易卜拉欣加入了一个穆斯林兄弟会的圣战萨拉菲派。在那之前很久，他就在萨马拉清真寺虔诚地打扫卫生，心中知道他的祖先已经因做这件事赢得了尊重。他会因为邻居抽烟、纹身、和女人跳舞等不符合伊斯兰教义的行为而惩罚他们。

Friends called him "The Believer", and he could unsettle them with his stare long before he had power enough to order the killing of anyone who defied him. Time and again his Mosul sermon nodded to history and to the Prophet. That was the difference he, a scholar, made to the jihadist movement. He was not an engineer like Osama Bin Laden or a doctor like Ayman al-Zawahiri, both leaders of al-Qaeda. He brought intellectual weight, as well as the membership he claimed in the Qurayshi tribe, descendants of the Prophet. When he spoke at Mosul he wore black robes to evoke the Abbasids, the most powerful caliphs of early Islam.

朋友们称他为“信徒”，在他有权力下令杀死任何蔑视他的人很久之前，他会用自己的凝视使他们感到不安。易卜拉欣在摩苏尔的布道一次又一次地向先知致敬。这就是身为一个学者的他为圣战运动带来的改变。他不像奥萨马·本拉登那样是个工程师，也不像阿伊曼·阿尔-扎瓦希里那样是个医生，他们两位都是基地组织的领袖。易卜拉欣带来了知识的重量，以及他声称的库拉伊什部落的成员，先知的后代。当他在摩苏尔讲话时，他身着黑色长袍，以唤起人们对阿巴斯王朝的记忆。阿巴斯王朝是早期伊斯兰最强大的哈里发。