VOA慢速英语2019 越南成为全球储蓄率最高的国际之一（在线收听）

The market research company Nielsen reports that Vietnam has one of the world's highest rates of consumer savings. But observers disagree on whether it is a good sign. 

尼尔森市场研究公司报告称，越南是全球储蓄率最高的国家之一。但是观察人士对这是否是一个好兆头意见不一。

Sixty-nine percent of Vietnamese surveyed said they put extra money into savings. That compares with 66 percent of people in China and 62 percent in Indonesia.

67%接受调查的越南人称他们将额外资金投入储蓄。相比之下中国的比例是66%，印尼的比例是62%。

As a developing nation, Vietnam is becoming increasingly wealthy. The country's citizens are saving more, just as many people in countries around the world.

作为一个发展中国家，越南变得越来越富有。就像世界上很多国家的人民一样，该国的公民开始更多地存钱。

But observers, such as Binky Chadha of Deutsche Bank and former U.S. Federal Reserve chair Ben S. Bernanke worry there is a surplus in savings in the world economy. They say that can misrepresent the larger investment environment and lead to negative interest rates. Negative interest rates mean people would have to pay to keep their savings in a bank.

但是德意志银行的宾基·查德哈和美联储前主席本·伯南克等观察人士担心全球经济会储蓄过剩。他们表示，这会扭曲更大的投资环境并导致负利率。负利率意味着人们将钱存入银行还要倒掏钱。

'An asset bubble'

“资产泡沫”

In the U.S., surplus savings have pushed the stock market to record highs. Experts say the market is nearing a bubble. A bubble happens when there is a sudden increase in price over a short time period that is not supported by the value of a product.

在美国，储蓄过剩使得股市创下了历史新高。专家表示市场正在接近形成泡沫。当短时间内价格突然上涨而得不到产品价值的支撑时就会形成泡沫。

In Vietnam, the extra savings has also led to an asset bubble, especially in the housing market.

在越南，额外储蓄也导致了资产泡沫，尤其是在房地产市场。

Vietnam's economy is growing quickly, but experts disagree on how to explain the wealth that it is being created. Researchers at the company Oxford Analytica say there may not be enough productive investments available. Savers are investing in luxury real estate that is feeding a bubble. But Nielson Vietnam says being able to save so much money is a good sign from consumers.

越南经济正在快速增长，但是专家们对如何解释其创造的财富存在分歧。剑桥分析公司的研究人员称可能会缺乏足够的生产性投资。储户们开始投资于助长泡沫形成的豪宅。但是尼尔森越南公司表示，能够存下来这么多钱是来自消费者的一个好兆头。

Louise Hawley is managing director at Nielsen Vietnam. She told VOA that as more and more people feel more certain about their future, they are saving more rather than spending today.

路易斯·霍利是尼尔森越南公司的董事总经理。她对美国之音表示，随着越来越多人对未来感到确定，他们开始开始存下来更多钱而不是花出去。

Worry about retirement?

担心退休？

However, the high savings rate could also mean people worry they will need the money for retirement.

然而，高储蓄率也可能意味着人们担心他们需要这笔钱用于退休。

This means Vietnam is part of a global trend identified by Chadha. He noted that savings rates are going up, even though interest rates are going down. He says people are not saving money to earn interest. Instead, Chadha sees this as a sign that people are saving because they fear they will not have enough money in the future.

这意味着越南是查德哈提出的全球趋势的一部分。他指出即使利率下降储蓄率也在上升。他说人们存钱不是为了赚利息。相反，查哈德将其视为人们存钱是担心他们未来没有足够钱花的标志。

Vietnam's savings rate is not uncommon. Bernanke argued that Asia, especially China, has earned so much from exports that the money has aided a worldwide savings surplus. Recently, Vietnam has also become one of the developing Asian nations with high exports and a surplus.

越南的储蓄率并不罕见。伯南克认为，亚洲，尤其是中国通过出口赚到了很多钱，这些钱助长了全球的储蓄过剩。最近，越南也成为高出口和贸易顺差的亚洲发展中国家之一。

Like China, Vietnam uses its surplus to buy U.S. Treasury bonds. The high demand for U.S. bonds is also a reason the U.S. does not have to pay a lot of interest on its bonds. This helps to lower interest rates.

跟中国一样，越南利用其顺差购买了美国国债。对美国债券的高需求也是美国不必为其债券支付大量利息的原因。这有助于降低利率。

Vietnam also uses its surplus to buy a lot of foreign money, mostly U.S. dollars. The U.S. Treasury complained in a report this month that this helps increase the value of U.S. dollars and lower the value of the Vietnamese currency. Vietnam's exports seem even cheaper at a time when the Trump administration wants U.S. consumers to buy fewer Vietnamese products.

越南还利用其顺差购买了大量外汇，其中大部分是美元。美国财政部本月在一份报告中抱怨称，这会助长美元升值，并让越南货币贬值。在川普政府希望美国消费者少买越南产品这样一个时机，越南的出口似乎更便宜了。

Still, Hawley said there is reason for hope in Vietnam. Her company's December survey showed Vietnam has one of the world's highest levels of consumer confidence, just after India and the Philippines.

然而霍利表示，越南仍然很有希望。她公司12月份的调查显示，越南是全球消费者信心指数最高的国家之一，仅次于印度和菲律宾。