VOA慢速英语2019 欧盟批评伊朗违反核武器（在线收听）

欧盟批评伊朗违反核武器 EU Criticizes Iran Over Nuclear Violations

Britain, France and Germany are increasing pressure on Iran to end its violations of an international nuclear deal.

英国，法国和德国对伊朗施加越来越大的压力，要求其停止违反国际核协议的行为。

The Europeans say they want to settle differences through negotiations. But they admit the process could lead to a return of United Nations sanctions against Iran.

欧洲人说，他们希望通过谈判解决分歧。但是他们承认，这一进程可能导致联合国对伊朗的制裁恢复。

The European Union (EU) members and Iran signed the nuclear agreement in 2015. Also signing were China, Russia and the United States.

欧盟成员和伊朗于2015年签署了核协议。中国，俄罗斯和美国也签署了该协议。

Britain, France and Germany wrote a letter to the EU's foreign policy chief. The letter stated that they had no choice but to use the deal's "dispute mechanism" because of Iranian violations of the agreement.

英国，法国和德国给欧盟外交政策负责人写了一封信。信中说，由于伊朗违反该协议，他们别无选择，只能使用该交易的“争端机制”。

The three said they rejected Iran's argument that Iran was justified to violate the deal because the United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018.

三人表示，他们拒绝了伊朗关于伊朗有理由违反该协议的说法，因为美国于2018年退出了该协议。

"We have therefore been left with no choice, given Iran's actions, but to register today our concerns that Iran is not meeting its commitments," the EU members said in a statement.

欧盟成员国在一份声明中说：“因此，鉴于伊朗的行动，我们别无选择，而是今天登记我们对伊朗没有履行其承诺的关切。”

Iran's government reacts

伊朗政府反应

Hours later, Iran's Foreign Ministry warned of a "serious and strong" reaction to the European move.

数小时后，伊朗外交部警告说，对欧洲的举动将产生“严重而强烈”的反应。

However, a foreign ministry spokesman official said Iran was "fully ready to answer any good will and constructive effort" that keeps the nuclear deal in place. Iran's official IRNA news agency reported his comments.

但是，外交部发言人表示，伊朗“已准备好作出任何善意和建设性努力”，以保持核协议的达成。伊朗官方IRNA新闻社报道了他的评论。

EU foreign policy leader Josep Borrell said the pressure from Europe does not mean Iran will face new international sanctions.

欧盟外交政策领袖博雷尔说，来自欧洲的压力并不意味着伊朗将面临新的国际制裁。

The aim of the move by France, Germany and Britain is "to return (Iran) to full compliance...of this agreement, he said.

他说，法国，德国和英国的举动目的是“使（伊朗）完全遵守该协议……”。

The three countries said that they want to arrive at a solution using "diplomatic dialogue" and made no threat of sanctions in their statement.

这三个国家表示，他们希望通过“外交对话”达成解决方案，在声明中没有对制裁施加威胁。

They also tried to distance themselves from the sanctions declared by the United States. U.S. officials have said those measures are part of a "pressure" campaign against Iran.

他们还试图远离美国宣布的制裁。美国官员说，这些措施是针对伊朗的“压力”运动的一部分。

"Our three countries are not joining a campaign to (put) maximum pressure against Iran," the Europeans said. "Our hope is to bring Iran back into full compliance with its commitments."

欧洲人说：“我们三个国家没有参加对伊朗施加最大压力的运动。” “我们的希望是使伊朗重新完全遵守其承诺。”

The nuclear deal's dispute resolution mechanism

核协议的争端解决机制

The 2015 nuclear deal is known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, also known as JCPOA. It seeks to prevent Iran from making a nuclear weapon by setting limits on its nuclear program in exchange for economic actions, such as easing sanctions. Iran's government has said it does not want a nuclear weapon.

2015年的核协议被称为联合全面行动计划，也称为JCPOA。它试图通过限制其核计划来换取宽松制裁等经济行动，以防止伊朗制造核武器。伊朗政府已表示不希望拥有核武器。

Under its dispute resolution mechanism, countries have 30 days to settle their dispute; however, the time limit can be extended. If the problem cannot be solved, the issue could be brought to the United Nations Security Council. The council's members could decide to re-establish the sanctions that had been removed under the terms of the deal.

在其争端解决机制下，各国有30天的时间解决争端；但是，可以延长期限。如果无法解决问题，则可以将该问题提交联合国安全理事会。安理会成员可以决定重新建立根据交易条款取消的制裁。

U.S. President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. government out of the nuclear agreement in May 2018. He said the deal should be re-negotiated because it did not set limitations on Iran's ballistic missile program or its involvement in conflicts in other countries. Since then he has put back American sanctions, which have hurt Iran's economy.

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）于2018年5月将美国政府从核协议中撤出。他说，该交易应重新进行谈判，因为它没有对伊朗的弹道导弹计划或它参与其他国家的冲突设置限制。从那以后，他撤回了对伊朗经济造成伤害的美国制裁。

To answer the U.S. decision, Iran has slowly pulled back from the agreement. Iran wants to pressure the other countries involved to provide economic incentives to answer the American sanctions.

为了回应美国的决定，伊朗已慢慢撤出协议。伊朗希望向其他有关国家施加压力，要求其提供经济刺激措施来应对美国的制裁。

China and Russia had been against using the dispute mechanism. However, German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas said in a statement that the three European countries "could no longer leave the growing Iranian violations of the nuclear agreement unanswered."

中俄一直反对使用争端机制。但是，德国外交大臣海克斯·马斯（Heiko Maas）在一份声明中说，这三个欧洲国家“再也无法解决伊朗日益严重的违反核协议的行为”。

"Our goal is clear: we want to...come to a diplomatic solution within the agreement," Maas said.

马斯说：“我们的目标很明确：我们希望……按照协议达成外交解决方案。”

With the growing worries that the deal cannot be saved, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson is suggesting the agreement could be somehow re-negotiated to answer some of Trump's worries.

随着人们越来越担心无法挽救这笔交易，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊（Boris Johnson）表示，该协议可能会以某种方式重新谈判以解决特朗普的一些担忧。

"Let's work together to replace the JCPOA with the Trump deal," he told the BBC.

他告诉英国广播公司：“让我们共同努力，以特朗普协议取代JCPOA。”

重点词汇：

Words in This Story：

sanctions – n. an action that is taken to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country,

mechanism – n. a process or system that is used to produce a result

commitment – n. an agreement or promise to do something

constructive – adj. helping to develop or improve something

compliance – n. the act or process of doing what you have been asked or ordered to do

dialogue – n. a discussion or series of discussions that two groups or countries have in order to end a disagreement

ballistic missile – n. a weapon that is shot through the sky over a great distance and then falls to the ground and explodes

incentives – n. something that encourages a person to do something or to work harder