国家地理 动物标本剥制师（在线收听）

Grizzly bears once roamed much of the United States.

灰熊曾在美国的很多地区出没。

But two centuries of hunting and habitat loss have devastated their numbers. Today, less than 1,200 live in the Lower 48.

但是两世纪的狩猎和栖息地的减少危及到了它们的数量。如今，在美国本土的48个州中仅有不到1200头灰熊。

If there is a last remaining stronghold for the North American Grizzly, it is in Alaska where estimated 32,000 grizzlies can be found.

如果还剩最后一个北美灰熊大本营的话，那就是在阿拉斯加州了，在这里预计可以找到32000头灰熊。

Alaska boasts a wide range of habitat in which the grizzly can thrive, from rich coastal areas to barren arctictundra.

阿拉斯加州有大片栖息地，灰熊可在这里繁育，从富饶的沿海地区到贫瘠的北极冻土。

Alaska's grizzlies can weigh up to 1,500 pounds and can consume as much as 35 pounds of food in a day.

阿拉斯加州的灰熊体重可达1500磅，它们一天可吃掉35磅重的食物。

They eat just about anything in sight from flowers to whale carcasses.

它们会吃掉视线里的一切，比如花朵和鲸鱼的尸体。

It's their very size that gives grizzlies an aura of invincibility, and in Alaska, it's also what makes them a valuable commodity.

正是它们庞大的体积赋予了它们不可战胜的光环，在阿拉斯加州，这使得它们成为一种昂贵的商品。

As Joel discovers in downtown Anchorage, the bear business is booming.

因为约珥在安克雷奇市中心的发现，灰熊生意日益兴隆。

At Knight's Taxidermy, Russell Knight turns over more than 200 bear rugs and mounts a year.

在Knight's Taxidermy公司，拉塞尔·奈特一年营业量为两百条毯子。

"We offer you the mounting services or expediting services. Whatever the client wants us to do, we are glad to do it."

“我们可以提供安装服务或是催货服务。不论客户想要什么，我们都很乐意。”

"How many bears they think there are in Alaska and how many are taken every year, do you know?"

他们认为阿拉斯加州有多少只熊，每年获取多少只，你知道么？”

"Roughly between 1,000 and 1,500 are taken a year."

“大概每年获取有一千到一千五百只。”

But since bears are thriving in Alaska, some biologists believe that taking 1,500 bears a year is sustainable.

但是由于熊在阿拉斯加州繁育增长，一些生物学家认为每年1500只是可以的。

"So there's plenty of bears in Alaska, right?" "Plenty of bears in Alaska."

“所以阿拉斯加州有很多熊，对么？”“是的，有很多。”

Making a bear into a rug takes time. Russell's clients can expect to wait up to a year for their merchandise.

将熊制成小毯子是需要时间的。拉塞尔的客户可以为了他们的商品等一年。

"So this is the skull. And he's, he's skinned the skull out. So now he's, he's doing the detail work.

“这是脑壳。它被剥了皮。现在他在处理细节。

He's split the lips, turning the nose inside out. And now he's going to turn the ears inside out.

它的嘴巴被劈开了，将鼻子翻到外边。现在他准备将耳朵也翻出来。

They put them over a beam and they're fleshing the fat and meat off skin so that it can dry properly.

他们将它们放下横梁上，剃掉皮肤上的脂肪和肉，这样才能干。

He had to have a bear sit in salt for 3 or 4 days. And then after the like the 4th day, if everything is looking good, then we hang them up.

他不得不让熊在盐堆里坐上3到4天。在第4天的时候，如果一切顺利，就可以把它们挂起来了。

And you kind of look and see that the skin is turning white, which is a, the good sign that it's drying proper.

可以看到这些皮肤有些变白了，这是个好迹象，证明干湿适度。

And once the head is mounted, then we gotta bring it back to the original size.

脑袋按好后，我们就将其变回原来的大小。

We have to rehydrate the skin in water, repair all the holes and then he stretches it for size to get the maximum amount of size out of skin." "They want big?"

我们需要把皮肤泡在水中，修复所有孔洞，然后延展皮肤至最大程度。”“他们想要大的？”

"They want... everybody wants the biggest thing in it. So we've got a special clay that dries very hard.

“他们...每个人都想要最大的。所以我们有一种特别黏土可以将皮肤烘得非常干。

And, and, and once the, the clay is put on and roughed into shape,

一旦盖上黏土成型，

then we can come back and mold it and put it on a little details and the creases and we can still shape and move the eyes around and,

我们可以回来，将它塑形并布上一些小细节和褶皱，我们还可以转动眼珠，

and get the expression that we want."

做成我们想要的表情。”

"We use plastic teeth and fake tongues. That's a black bear tongue, grizzly bear tongue. Now these would be ... this would be a bear eye.

“我们使用塑料牙齿和假舌头。这是黑熊的舌头，这是灰熊的舌头。这些是熊的眼睛。

I'm... I'm a wildlife artist. I work with wildlife, I work with all.... Taxidermy really is an art."

我是野生动物艺术家。我和野生动物一同工作，我....剥制术真的是一门艺术。”