国家地理 移植的脸如何改变了一名女子的生活(12)（在线收听）

They saw the donor's face every day, but she remained a mystery to the Stubblefields. They knew her age, but they didn't know her name, or how she died, or how she lived. Katie thought about her and her family often.

他们每天都能看到捐赠者的脸，但它对斯图布尔菲尔德全家来说仍然是个谜。他们知道捐赠者的年龄，但不知道她的名字，不知道她是怎么死的，也不知道她是怎么生活的。凯蒂经常想起捐赠者及其家人。

She was the third donor found in the time Katie waited for a face. Twice a donor had been identified and the clinic had alerted the Stubblefields. Twice the donors hadn't worked out. For patients waiting for an internal organ, the only match requirements are compatible size, blood type, and, for some organs, tissue type. With faces, the sex must match, the skin tone must be similar, and the age must be reasonably close. That, along with the need to find a donor fairly nearby, means the pool is much smaller. Katie's youth made it even smaller.

她是在凯蒂等脸的时候发现的第三个捐献者。此前两次，诊所发现捐赠者，同时通知斯图布尔菲尔德家。但两次捐赠都没有成功。对于等待内脏器 官移植的病人，唯一的要求是器官大小、血型和某些器官组织类型是否相匹配。在脸部移植中，性别必须匹配，肤色必须相似，年龄必须相当接近。再加上需要在附近寻找捐赠者，意味着捐赠范围也要小得多。凯蒂的年轻，使得器官匹配变得更难。

More than 120,000 people in the U.S. await organs of all kinds, but they're in short supply. On average, 20 patients die each day while waiting. Faces were added to the list of organs in the national transplant system in 2014; the wait is unpredictable. The pool of candidates is very small, and the family of the potential donor must give permission to use the face, even if the person had registered as an organ donor.

在美国，有超过12万的人在等待各种各样的器官移植，但它们却供不应求。平均每天有20名患者在等待期间死亡。2014年，脸被列入国家移植系统器官名单，但等待是不可预测的。候选人的数量非常少，潜在捐赠者的家人也必须同意使用这张脸，即使这个人已经注册为器官捐赠者。

Katie's doctors had said it was likely the donor would be someone who died from a drug overdose, given the opioid epidemic that has hit Ohio particularly hard. Nationwide, the epidemic has led to an increase in the number of available organs: A recent study found that the number of donors who died from drug overdoses jumped more than tenfold from 2000 to 2016. As it turned out, Katie's donor did die of an overdose, but opioids didn't kill her; cocaine did.

凯蒂的医生说，由于俄亥俄州的阿片类药物疫情尤为严重，很多人可能是由于药物过量致死。在全国范围内，这种流行病导致了可用器官数量的增加。最近的一项研究发现，从2000年到2016年，死于药物过量的捐赠者数量增加了十倍以上。事实证明，凯蒂的捐赠者确实死于药物过量，但阿片类药物并没有杀死她，导致其死亡的是可卡因。