国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(11)（在线收听）

Russians depend heavily on extracted resources, Markowitz explained. They view the Arctic "as their strategic future resource base."

马科威茨解释说，俄罗斯人很依赖开采出的资源。他们把北极当作他们的未来战略储备基地。

According to Yun Sun, a senior fellow at the Stimson Center, in Washington, D.C., Chinese expansion into the Arctic follows a similar resource-focused strategy, not a territorial one. Beyond its investments in Russian oil and gas ventures, she said, China is specifically interested in gaining access to new sea-lanes that could reduce transit times between Asian ports and European markets by as much as two weeks.

华盛顿史汀生中心的一位名叫孙云的高级职员称，中国往北极发展的计划之后，紧随着一个相似的以资源为中心的战略，而不是以领土为中心。她还表示，除了对俄罗斯石油和天然气的投资之外，中国格外想获得从亚洲港口到欧洲市场的新的航线，从而把运输时间缩短两周。

Last January the Chinese government published a white paper that outlined its northern intentions. In it, China described itself as a "near-Arctic state" that hoped to collaborate with other nations to build a "Polar Silk Road" dedicated to commerce and research. "It's something to watch carefully," Sun said. "I will give you the literal translation of what the Chinese said to me: 'We know that we don't have claims in the Arctic, but if there's anything in the Arctic that we can get, we don't want to be left out.' "

去年一月中国政府发布了白皮书，总结了对北极的计划。其中，中国把自己描述成一个渴望与其他国家合作建起一条专注商业和研究的北极丝绸之路的近北极国家。孙云表示：“这点很值得注意。我告诉你中国人的说法：‘我们知道自己无法在北极获利，但如果有些东西是我们可以从北极得到的，我们并不想被排除在外’”。

During my travels along the new frontier, Cold War analogies always fell flat. Easier to grasp was the Arctic's overall absence from the North American mind. Over decades the U.S. and Canada had never bothered to develop their northern territories or invest in their people. Even Pompeo's speech, with language of opportunity and marketplaces, felt more like a warning than a plan -- the protest of a player arriving late to the game.

在我的旅程中，我意识到冷战一说完全是无稽之谈。首先北美人的脑子里根本没有北极什么事。数十年来，美国和加拿大从来没想过要扩张北方的领土或是给那里投资。甚至在蓬佩奥的演讲中，他提到的机会和市场等词，让人感觉更像是警告而不是计划--毕竟玩家的抗议总是来得比较晚。

This attitude is often insulting, even painful, to the Arctic's indigenous people, especially because such promises of opportunity have nearly always excluded them. Joe Savikataaq, the premier of Canada's Nunavut Territory, echoed Marvin Atqittuq when he told me the Inuit had been left out of plans for the new Arctic. "We're happy and proud to be part of Canada," he said, "but we feel like the poor brother that gets scraps."

这种态度对于北极的本地人来说可能是羞辱甚至让他们感到痛苦，特别是这么多的关于机会的许诺都把他们排除在外。乔·萨维卡塔克，加拿大努勒维特地区的总理，重复了马尔文·阿提库的关于因纽特人被排除在外的观点。他说：“我们很高兴也很自豪自己是加拿大的一部分。 但是感觉我们就像是他们只分得到残羹冷炙的可怜的兄弟。”