2019年CRI 过去几十年中国平均预期寿命增长超过40岁（在线收听）

Official data shows that China has made great progress in providing national medical services over the past 70 years.

Qin Geng is director of the department for women and children's health at the National Health Commission. He spoke about the increase in life expectancy, and the falling infant mortality rate.

"Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, rural and remote areas were short of doctors and medicine. The mortality rate for babies was as high as 20 percent, compared with 0.6 percent in 2018. The average life expectancy was 35 before 1949, but it increased to 77 years last year, which is higher than the average of some mid-to high-income countries. The maternal mortality rate has dropped to 18 per 100-thousand live births last year."

Qin also talked about China's achievement in preventing and controlling infectious diseases over the past decades.

"We attach great importance to children's health. We think disease prevention is more important than treatment. We provide health education, telling children how to stay healthy. A number of diseases can also be prevented by vaccines. We provide every child with 14 vaccines against 15 diseases. For children under 5, the HBV carrier rate is within 1 percent. That's a great achievement."

Official data shows China had nearly 1 million public medical institutions at the end of last year, compared with about 3,600 in 1949. And the number of medical workers reached 9.5 million by 2018.

Professor Fu Hua is with Fudan University.

"One of our experiences from the reform and improvement of the medical care system is to strengthen community healthcare services. Our medical insurance system covers more than 95 percent of the population. It's also among the measures proposed by the World Health Organization for public health. China has done a great job in this field."

China has established a national immunization monitoring system, which covers the whole country.

The vaccination rate has been maintained at over 90 percent in recent years.

Professor Zhou Zijun is with the School of Public Health at Peking University.

"We have a planned immunization system, which can help prevent children from catching infectious diseases. In the past, these diseases could lead to a high mortality rate. Thanks to vaccines, both the morbidity rate and the mortality rate have decreased."

However, experts are calling on the public to pay more attention to the problem of chronic diseases, like obesity and cardiovascular disease, which are now considered the greatest threat to public health. Doctors say that the best way to avoid these conditions is to eat well, and to exercise.

For CRI, this is Guan Hao.

官方数据显示，过去70年来，中国的医疗卫生事业取得长足进步。

秦耕是中国国家卫生健康委员会妇幼健康司司长。他表示，中国人均预期寿命提高，同时婴儿死亡率下降。

“新中国成立前，广大农村和边远地区缺医少药，婴儿死亡率高达20%，人均预期寿命仅有35岁。2018年全国婴儿死亡率下降到0.6%，人均预期寿命达到77岁，优于中高收入国家平均水平。全国孕产妇死亡率下降到18.3／10万。”

秦耕还谈到了过去几十年中国在预防和控制传染病方面取得的成就。

“我们高度重视儿童健康，治病更重要在于防病。防有几个措施，健康教育是一种防，即告诉孩子要如何保持健康；还有一种防是疫苗接种，也就是儿童免疫规划。现在我们（为每个孩子）提供疫苗（接种）14苗，防15种病。我们现在5岁以下儿童的乙肝病毒携带率已经控制在1%以内，这是我们预防接种的成效。”

官方数据显示，2018年底，中国共有医疗卫生机构近100万个，而1949年有约3600家。2018年底，卫生技术人员达到950万人。

傅华是复旦大学的教授。

“从我们中国来讲，在卫生系统的改革建设里面，我们一个很重要的经验就是加强了基层卫生服务，也就是社区卫生服务。那么现在老百姓的医保基本覆盖了95%以上，这个也是世界卫生组织所倡导的全民健康覆盖的一个很重要的措施，中国在这方面也是做得非常好的。”

中国已经建立覆盖全国的免疫规划监测管理体系。

近年来国家免疫规划疫苗接种率持续保持在90%以上。

周子君是北京大学公共卫生学院的教授。

“我们国家实行计划免疫，这个在很大程度上是能保证这个人群特别是儿童不得这种烈性传染病，我们说以前明确的像病毒性感染这种传染病，死亡率很高的。现在通过疫苗这种防护以后，发病率降低，死亡率就降低了。”

然而，专家呼吁公众更多地关注慢性疾病问题，比如肥胖症和心血管疾病，这些疾病现在被认为是公众健康面临的最大威胁。医生表示，避免这些疾病的最佳方法是吃得好和锻炼身体。

CRI新闻，关浩（音译）报道。