PBS高端访谈:让音乐走进气候变化（在线收听）

NICK SCHIFRIN: We return to climate change, but on a very different note. Valerie Kern of Alaska Public Media explores how one artist is examining the melting of glaciers to create music. It's part of our ongoing arts and culture coverage, Canvas.

MATTHEW BURTNER, Composer and Eco-Acoustician: I was out recording the wind sounds, and I was, it was really snowy and icy. And I came back down into the building, and I was just covered in like ice on my beard and snow. And, you know, my, everything was frozen up. And someone said: Matthew, what are you doing? And I said: I'm composing. Well, I'm a composer, and a sound artist, and an eco-acoustician. So I work with environmental sounds, and I create music and sound art in dialogue with nature. So I particularly focus on climate change. So, you know, I'm interested in composing music that reflects changes in our climate, and I try to bring attention to that and work with the natural world as a musical instrument. So I'm very often composing with glaciers and with the snow or the wind, and things, any way that I can discover how we hear climate change. By thumping it, I hear like the snow bank as a bass drum. You know, some days, I'm out in the mountains, listening and recording sounds. There are days where I sit at the computer programming. There are days when I sit at a music paper writing music. No, it's never dull. I made an album called Glacier Music. It's published. So it kind of fixes in time snapshots of these glaciers. As the glaciers are retreating, they go through a rapid kind of time of retreat, and that has a certain sonic signature. And then the glacier goes through a period of thinning. And you can hear that too, because the water that's thinning comes out of the glacier on the sides, and usually makes these rushing rivers on the sides of the glaciers. That sound, to me, is a signature sound of a glacier that's in advanced retreat. When I was studying music, I was impressed by the sounds of the natural world, and, in general, the power and the presence of the Alaskan wilderness. And so I naturally made music with those things.

As I got older the, you know, the environment started changing, and I started hearing those changes in the sounds that I loved. I want people to feel something. If the music is made by a glacier, for example, will we feel more connected to the glaciers and think about them in a different way? Through composing these pieces, we're kind of documenting the world now. And, in the future, maybe a glacier like Matanuska will sound very different, if it sounds at all. And I still hope that we can change that, that the glaciers won't disappear. It's stressful to think about, you know, a million species of animals being, becoming extinct in the next few years. You know, to think about all the Arctic animals that are among those million, like what can I do to help with that? Is the music really going to stop the extinctions? No, it's not. Maybe the music can be used in a kind of joint science, policy, art discourse that does change that in some way.

尼克·斯齐弗林：本期节目再次关注气候变化的问题，不过是从另一个角度。瓦莱丽·克恩任职于阿拉斯加公共媒体，他深入了解了艺术家是如何通过冰川融化来进行音乐创作的。本期节目是帆布系列艺术与文化报道的部分内容。

马修·伯特纳，作曲家、生态声学家：我之前出去录下过风的声音，那一天的雪下得很大，路上都是冰。我回到了楼里，我浑身都是冰雪，胡子上也有。可以说是浑身都冻住了。然后有人跟我说：马修，你干啥呢？我说：我在作曲。毕竟我是作曲家，是声音艺术家，也是生态声学家。我每天要跟环境里的不同声音打交道，我通过与自然对话来创作音乐和声音艺术。所以我尤为关注气候变化问题。所以，我对反映气候变化的作曲很感兴趣，我试图关注这方面并将大自然当成我的乐器。我经常用冰川、雪、风等事物来作曲，这些都让我以声音的方式来感受气候变化。雪堤受风雪敲击的声音就像低音鼓一样。你知道，我有时候会去山里，聆听并记录那里的声音。有时候我坐在电脑前编程。有时候，我坐在桌前创作音乐。我的生活永远不会无聊。我曾做过一张专辑，名叫《冰川的音乐》，目前已面世。这张专辑就像是对冰川的时间快照一样。随着冰川的融化，时间也像回退了一样，这就会有某种声音上的标签。然后冰川就会越来越小。这个过程也是有声音的额，因为融化的水从冰山侧面流出来，在冰山侧面形成湍急的河流。这个声音对我而言也是冰川的一种声音的标签，是冰川融化一种先进的表达方式。我之前研究音乐的时候就对自然世界的声音印象深刻，总体来说，是对阿拉斯加茫茫的地貌感到震撼。所以，我创作音乐的源泉就是这些自然景象。

随着我年龄的增长，环境也开始发生改变，我开始听到我喜欢的这些声音也发生了变化。我希望人们也能感觉到什么。如果音乐是用自然景象来创作的，比如冰川，那么我们是否会感觉与冰川的联系更紧密呢？我们是否会用不同的方式来思考这些自然景象呢？通过创作这些作品，我们也是在记录世界。以后，或许像马塔努斯加冰川这样的冰川会发出不同于现在的声音（如果那时候它还能发声的话）。我依然希望我们能改变气候变化，这样冰川就不会消失。每当想到地球上有100万种生物在未来几年里要灭绝我就感到压力倍增。而当想到北极的一些动物也在这即将灭绝的100万种生物里时，我就会想我能做什么之类的问题。音乐真地能助力阻止生物灭绝吗？不，不能。或许音乐可以用于科学、政策、艺术的合并之中，这几样元素的合并可以从某种程度上改变气候变化。