PBS高端访谈:《徒手攀岩》纪录片获诺贝尔奖（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: The film Free Solo, about a rock climber who scales Yosemite Park's most dangerous rock formation without ropes, won best documentary at the Academy Awards this year. The makers of that film are the focus of this week's That Moment When. It's NewsHour's show on Facebook Watch.

JIMMY CHIN, Filmmaker: In journalism and photography as well, you hope to kind of disappear. You're really trying to capture the moments as they happen and trying not to influence the moment.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI, Filmmaker: It gets to, like, the existential ethical question at the heart of the film, which is, in the act of filming, by filming him, are we in some way going to cause him to fall? Is he more likely to fall if we're filming?

JIMMY CHIN: I got the sense that Alex wanted to be filmed, but he didn't want to feel filmed.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: I think he thought the concept of actually free-soloing El Cap was film-worthy, and that idea of, like, someone doing justice to this incredible athletic feat, actually capturing it in a way that could live on for posterity...

JIMMY CHIN: Right.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: ... was something that was very appealing to him. The actual experience, what and what that was going to entail, I think, was more of discovery process for him.

JIMMY CHIN: Being a professional climber and having worked on both sides of the lens, I'm quite sensitive to what it feels like when a camera's introduced to a situation. And that sensitivity to it, you know, we hoped to apply in how we filmed with him, to make it as easy and nonintrusive as possible.

MAN: They're remote cameras, because we want to stay out of Alex's line of sight.

QUESTION: What risk does the crew take on?

JIMMY CHIN: We really tried to mitigate the risk on the very front end by the team that we built. You know, the first criteria to be on the high angle team was that you had to be an elite professional climber. The second criteria is they had to be, you know, amazing cinematographers as well. So, there's not a very big pool to pull from. I needed people who could climb El Cap casually in a day, and there aren't that many people who can do that. As Alex was practicing his climb, we were practicing how we were going to shoot it.

QUESTION: You have said, there wasn't a day in the two years of filming that you didn't think about him falling. Can you describe what it feels like to walk around with that?

JIMMY CHIN: I would wake up, I could feel the burden, and then I would remember. I would be like, what am I feeling? And then I would think about what it was that I was weighing on me. And my mind would go to the worst-case scenario.

ELIZABETH CHAI VASARHELYI: I think everybody on the team carried a certain weight. But that was kind of the point. Like, there was also a commitment that came with that weight. We trusted Alex and believed in what he was doing.

JUDY WOODRUFF: It literally takes your breath away. Well, you can find all episodes of That Moment When on Facebook Watch. And you can join us there on Wednesday at 4:30 Eastern for a special watch party, live with host Steve Goldbloom, as he looks back and he takes your questions about some of his favorite moments from the show thus far. Also online, we take a closer look at how House Democrats are flexing their new investigative power. You can find that on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：影片《徒手攀岩》讲的是一名攀岩者攀登了美国塞米蒂国家公园最危险的岩壁，而且没有借助绳子的帮助。这部影片获得了今年奥斯卡的最佳纪录片奖。这部影片的几位制作人成为本周《记忆时刻》的焦点。《记忆时刻》是Facebook Watch上《新闻一小时》的一档节目。

金国威，制作人：无论是新闻业还是摄影业，你都希望低调。你努力地尝试捕捉一些时刻，保留这些时刻的自然。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉，影视制作人：这部影片让人想到现存的道德问题，这是这部影片的核心，即在拍摄他的时候，我们是否从某种程度上干扰了他的攀岩？我们的拍摄是否加大了他掉落的可能性？

金国威：我以为亚历克斯希望有人拍他，但他其实并不想。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：我想他那时候认为徒手攀登酋長岩的想法本身就值得拍摄成电影，而有个人来充分体现此举价值的举动是好的，可以留给子孙后代作为财富。

金国威：没错。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：这件事对他而言很有吸引力。实际经历，过程中的收获，对于他来说是个发现的过程。

金国威：作为职业攀岩者以及曾做过演员和导演的我对镜头在某种情境下的感受极为敏感。我们想将这种敏感度加入拍摄手法中，让它尽可能简单又不形成干扰。

男：摄像头都在远处，因为我们不想干扰亚历克斯的视线。

问：拍摄人员要面临什么风险吗？

金国威：我们竭尽全力减小一线拍摄人员的风险。我们对高角摄影组的第一标准就是必须是优秀的专业攀岩者。第二标准是他们还必须是优秀的摄影师。所以，可选择的人并不多。我需要能在一天的时间里攀登酋長岩的人，但没有多少人能做到这一点。亚历克斯在攀岩的时候，我们也在寻找拍摄的最佳方式。

问：您也提到了，您在为期2年的拍摄里，每天都有想到他坠落的事儿。您能描述一下，带着这种想法工作的心情吗？

金国威：每天早上起来，我就倍感压力，我会一直记得这件事。我的感受是什么呢？我会思考这种压力感。我会做最坏的预想。

伊丽莎白·柴·瓦沙瑞莉：我认为组里的每个人都有一定的压力。但这就对了，因为使命总会伴随着负重感。我们相信亚历克斯，也相信他所做的事情。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：真是惊心动魄呀。其他期节目，大家可以在Facebook Watch的《记忆时刻》上看到。周四东部时间4:30有一场特殊的聚会，到时会现场直播，主持人是史蒂夫。他会带我们回顾过去，同时解答自己在本节目中最喜欢的一些时刻。现在直播的还有众议院民主党议员大展调查功力的场景，我们可以详细了解一下。也可以在PBS.org/NewsHour上看到录播。