美国国家公共电台 NPR 不满俩“总统”争权 美削减10亿美元对阿援助（在线收听）

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says the U.S. will cut a billion dollars in U.S. aid to Afghanistan. Why? Well, the U.S. is frustrated that two men are claiming to be Afghanistan's President. Ashraf Ghani was officially declared the winner last month. But his rival, Abdullah Abdullah, says there was voter fraud and that he's the winner. Now their fight has jeopardized theprospects of a U.S.-brokered peace deal between the Afghan central government and theTaliban.

美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥表示，美国将削减10亿美元对阿富汗援助。为什么？因为美国对有两个人宣布就任阿富汗总统的局面感到失望。阿什拉夫·加尼于上个月被正式宣布为获胜者。但他的竞争对手阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉称，选举存在舞弊行为，他才是胜者。现在，二人的斗争已经危及阿富汗中央政府和塔利班在美国斡旋下所达成和平协议的前景。

I'm on the line now with Laurel Miller. She's director of the International Crisis Group's Asiaprogram, and before that, she served as the deputy special representative for Afghanistanand Pakistan at the State Department. Good morning.

下面我将和劳雷尔·米勒连线。她是国际危机组织亚洲项目负责人，此前曾担任美国国务院阿富汗和巴基斯坦问题副特别代表。早上好。

LAUREL MILLER: Good morning.

劳雷尔·米勒：早上好。

KING: Let's get right to the heart of this. Why is it a problem for the United States that twomen are claiming to be the rightful president of Afghanistan?

金：让我们直奔主题。为什么两个人声称自己是阿富汗的合法总统对美国来说是个问题？

MILLER: The main problem for the United States right now is that U.S. policy is focused ontrying to get a peace process in Afghanistan launched, a peace process that would enable theU.S. to pull its troops out of the country. And this dispute between these two contestants forthe presidency is now tangled up with the peace process. It is inhibiting their ability to puttogether a negotiating team to sit across the table from the Taliban. The U.S. and Talibansigned a preliminary deal on February 29 that had called for those Afghan peace talks to starton March 10. That date has come and gone, in part — in large part because of this inability toform a negotiating team.

米勒：美国目前面临的主要问题是，美国政策的重点是努力启动阿富汗的和平进程，该进程将使美国得以从阿富汗撤军。而两名总统职位竞争者之间的分歧现在已使这一和平进程纠缠在一起。这阻碍了他们组建与塔利班协商的谈判团队的能力。美国和塔利班于2月29日签署了一份初步协议，要求3月10日启动阿富汗和谈。这一日期匆匆而过，很大程度上是因为无法组建谈判团队。

KING: So when the U.S. negotiated the peace deal with the Taliban — which our listeners willremember — we covered that a great deal at the time — part of the agreement was the Afghangovernment is not privy to these talks yet. And we're going to — the U.S. and the Taliban aregoing to seal the deal. But then the Afghan government will come in, and then they will talk tothe Taliban. And then it will get done. And what you're saying is it's not getting done.

金：在美国与塔利班协商和平协议时，我们的听众应该记得，我们当时报道过这份重要协议，阿富汗政府尚未参与这些谈判。美国和塔利班将达成协议。随后阿富汗政府加入，他们将与塔利班进行对话。之后，达成协议。但你的意思是这项工作未能完成。

MILLER: Exactly. It was intended to be a sequenced process. First, the U.S.-Taliban talks thatwould focus on the question of a phased U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, a militarywithdrawal from Afghanistan in exchange for Taliban commitments not to allow Afghanistanto be a safe harbor for terrorist groups in the future. And importantly, though, that agreementhad then called for the Taliban to agree to finally sit down with the Afghan government andother Afghans in peace talks. And now the holdup is on the side in Kabul where, as I said, they've been unable to do their part so far in getting these peace talks moving.

米勒：没错。这本应是一个有序的过程。首先，美国与塔利班的会谈将集中讨论美军分阶段撤离阿富汗的问题，用从阿富汗撤军换取塔利班承诺未来不允许阿富汗成为恐怖分子的安全港。不过，重要的是，这项协议随后要求塔利班同意在和谈中与阿富汗政府及其他阿富汗人进行对话。现在，喀布尔一方出现拖延，我刚才提到过，他们到目前为止一直无法在推动和谈方面尽到自己的职责。

KING: So a frustrated Mike Pompeo says the United States will cut a billion dollars in aid toAfghanistan. How big a deal is that?

金：因此，失望的迈克·蓬佩奥表示，美国将削减10亿美元对阿富汗援助。这有多重要？

MILLER: That's a huge deal. Currently, the U.S. gives to Afghanistan around $500 million ayear in civilian assistance — or that's assistance for civilian purposes and, this year, about $4.2 billion in assistance for its security forces. The Afghan government is existentiallydependent on this aid from the United States. It gets aid from other sources, too, but this isthe biggest portion of aid that it receives. So a billion-dollar cut is — even if it entirely wipedout all of the assistance for civilian purposes, would also cut into the aid for the securityforces.

米勒：这很重要。目前，美国每年向阿富汗提供约5亿美元的民事援助，或者说是用于民事目的的援助，今年，美国计划向阿富汗安全部队提供约42亿美元的援助。阿富汗政府的生存依赖美国的援助。阿富汗也从其他来源获得援助，但美国援助在其接受的援助中占最大份额。因此，削减10亿美元意味着，即使取消所有民用援助，也要削减提供给安全部队的援助。

KING: Are civilians, though, the people who are likely to be hurt by this?

金：那平民是否有可能因此受到伤害？

MILLER: Look; the Afghan people are certainly likely to be hurt by this and, frankly, by theactions of Afghan politicians who have brought the situation to this path.

米勒：阿富汗民众肯定会因此受到伤害，坦白来说，他们会因使局势演变为这种情况的阿富汗政治家的行动受到伤害。

KING: Laurel Miller of the International Crisis Group joining us by Skype.

金：以上是国际危机组织的劳雷尔·米勒通过Skype和我们进行的连线。

Thanks so much, Laurel.

非常感谢你，劳雷尔。

MILLER: It was my pleasure.

米勒：不客气。