PBS高端访谈:古董相机拍摄作品惊艳世人（在线收听）

AMNA NAWAZ: Photography has made mind-boggling advances over the last century-and-a-half. So many of us now have a camera in our smartphones. But in a story that comes to us by PBS station Milwaukee PBS, one woman in Wisconsin has rediscovered the art of taking photographs and developing film using techniques from the mid-1800s.

MARGARET MUZA, Photographer: I use a lot of old cameras, old lenses. The one I use the most is an 8x10 camera from 1903 with an old portrait lens. These machines are really simple. Really, it's kind of just a box with a lens on it, so it's not a complicated machine at all. That's what's amazing about them. Even though they're so old, you know, I'm using them over 100 years later. And I love that about them, because most of our modern technology doesn't work after two or three years. The first time I saw a tintype appearing in the fixer, I felt like I had seen a ghost. I got goose bumps, and I was just -- my eyes watered because it was so spooky and so beautiful. And I thought, how did that happen? How can this image be before my eyes? Which is something we don't think about when we're looking at images on a screen. So there's complete magic there, and I still feel that way every time I take a picture. I'm always surprised by what I see. It always turns out differently than imagined. The wet-plate process is an old photographic method that uses wet chemistry to make an image, instead of, say, film or negatives. I use aluminum plates and glass plates. So, then I use a collodion, which is a liquid emulsion that I pour onto that plate which becomes light-sensitive through a series of chemical steps. It sits in a bath of silver nitrate, where it becomes light-sensitive in the darkroom. And then I use developer that I make myself, and an old varnish recipe that's a Civil War era recipe. This process really attracted me because it's a little bit unpolished. So, the image is kind of messy. There's lots of artifacts that show up, little schmears, fingerprints. And I like the look of that. I really like photographing people. Someone by themselves is really, like, my ideal subject. I really like to be able to focus on every aspect of someone's face, lighting them perfectly, and then developing them perfectly. This process is fulfilling because it still really challenges me, I think, because I have so much to learn yet, I'm still really hooked, and it hasn't let me go, you know, because I really am challenged by it constantly. And I want to master it.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：过去150年里，摄影技术的发展令人难以置信。现在我们很多人的智能手机上，都安装有摄像头。但PBS密尔沃基分站为我们讲述了，威斯康星州的一位妇女，对摄影艺术进行了二次发现，她利用19世纪中叶的技术来进行摄影创作。

玛格丽特·穆扎，摄影师：我用了很多旧相机，旧镜片。我用得最多的是一架1903年的8X10相机，还有一个旧的肖像镜头。这些机器非常简单。真的，只是一个装有镜头的盒子，一点也不复杂。这就是他们的魅力所在。即使他们老掉牙了，你知道，100年后我却还在使用。我就喜欢它们的老，因为我们现代的很多科技，两三年后，都不行了。我第一次看到定位器里出现锡版时，觉得自己撞见了鬼。我满身鸡皮疙瘩，眼睛湿润了，因为它太惊艳了，太漂亮了。我想，这是怎么发生的？这怎么会出现在我眼前？这是我们在屏幕上看照片时，不会想到的东西。所以完全就是魔力，每次拍照我都会有这种感觉。每每我总是对我所看到的东西感到惊讶。结果总是超出想象。湿版法是一种古老的摄影方法，它使用湿化学法来制作图像，而不是利用胶片或底片。我用铝板和玻璃板。然后，我撒上火棉胶，一种乳液，我通过一系列的化学步骤将它注入到感光板上。将它放在硝酸银液体中，在暗室中它将感光。然后我涂上我自制的显影剂，这是一个古老的清漆配方，源自内战时代。这个过程真的很吸引我，因为它保有本真。所以，图像有点模糊。图像上会出现许多人为产物，比如污点和指纹。我喜欢那个样子。我真的很喜欢拍摄人像。一个人本身就是我理想的拍摄主体。我真的很喜欢将集中注意力在每个人的面部，完美地将他们照亮，然后完美地诠释他们。这一过程非常有满足感，因为它仍然带给我真正的挑战，我认为，因为我还有很多东西要学习，我仍然对此相当着迷，没有厌倦，你知道，因为这种挑战无穷无尽。我想要将它掌控。