PBS高端访谈:朝韩离散家属团聚（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: The Korean War divided more than a peninsula. It separated families. Now, as relations between the North and South seem to improve, some of those families are being reunited after decades apart. Nick Schifrin reports on what these reunions might mean for South Korean and American relations with the North.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Park Do Shin has made the same walk for 60 years, stepping slowly over Seoul's sidewalks and into the offices of the Korean Red Cross, hoping to find a brother he hasn't seen since 1950. That's when North Korea swept into the South, killing thousands of South Korean soldiers and kidnapping others back to the North. Park's brother was a South Korean soldier. And, to this day, Park doesn't know his brother's fate. He starts the describe how much time he's spent, how many places he's gone looking for his brother. For so many in Korea, 68-year-old wounds haven't healed. But, today, some wounds are being patched. Across town, Kim Gwang-Ho also lost track of his brother in 1950 and assumed he was dead, but then the South Korean government this year told him his brother was alive living in the North. He packs for a reunion 68 years in the making, a government reunification handbook, a photo, so he can show off his wife.

KIM GWANG-HO, South Korea: I was very surprised and happy. But I was even more surprised to find out that he was still alive. I am 82 years old, and my brother is 78. My children joke whether or not I will even be able to recognize my brother.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But the Kim brothers found each other, bound by memories of a once united family. They swapped old photos, evidence of an era where relatives with the same tradition, language and culture weren't divided. Dozens of families are reuniting this week, a brother and sister who'd never met each other, a mother separated from her child for 70 years. Despite the emotion, North Korea agreed to host these meetings to make Kim Jong-un seem statesmanlike following a summit with South Korean President Moon Jae-in, says former CIA analyst Jung Pak.

JUNG PAK, Brookings Institution: It's a little bit of propaganda and it's a little and it's a lot of optics. Look at the small number of people who are allowed to go. It measured in the dozens, rather than hundreds or thousands. I think Kim is trying to say that, I am fulfilling my part of that summit meeting that I had with President Moon.

NICK SCHIFRIN: And North Korea says it's fulfilling promises made to President Trump at the June Singapore summit. Since then, North Korea has maintain the suspension on missile and nuclear tests, returned some remains of American troops killed in the Korean War, blew up the entrance to its primary nuclear test site, and, as seen in satellite photos, dismantled an engine testing site. That list is impressive, says former State Department official and longtime North Korea watcher Robert Carlin.

ROBERT CARLIN, Former CIA and State Department Intelligence Analyst: When was the last time we saw a North Korean leader throw away his cards? These were significant negotiating cards. Kim could have held them. He didn't. He wanted to lay them down, so he could get the process moving.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But critics say the process isn't moving fast enough. Today, the U.N.'s nuclear watchdog said there is no evidence North Korea has taken any steps to stop its nuclear activities, a sign they're not serious about denuclearization says, Jung Pak.

JUNG PAK: Looking at their words, looking at their actions, looking at things they could do, but they haven't done, which is inviting inspectors in, suggests to me that they're not that serious about denuclearization, and that they're trying to use denuclearization as a dangle to get the U.S. to have a peace declaration.

NICK SCHIFRIN: North and South Korea want to convert the 1953 armistice into a permanent peace. That's a distraction from the U.S. priority of denuclearization, says Jung Pak.

JUNG PAK: That's one of the things that the North Korean regime has always tried to do, is to divert attention away on to non-nuclear issues, so that people just get used to having a de facto nuclear weapons state across the border.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But from North Korea's perspective, it's the U.S. that diverting attention away from agreements made by President Trump and insisting on too many concessions too quickly.

ROBERT CARLIN: Kim used the word synchronous. That is to say, they can move some on denuclearization if we will move some on these other things. So why are we holding back? Because we're stuck in this age-old problem: You go first. No, no, no, you go first. Well, there's always a way around that, if people just sit down and talk about it.

NICK SCHIFRIN: What U.S. and North Korean officials are talking about is North Korea providing an inventory of its missile and nuclear program. U.S. officials say that would be a positive step that they could compare to their intelligence on what North Korea has to know if North Korea were lying. In the meantime, North and South Korea will work together, but even those these reunions feel powerful, their participants know they're temporary.

KIM GWANG-HO (through translator): It's a bittersweet feeling. I'm happy to see my brother, but there is going to be a moment when we have to be separated again. I don't know what I will do in that moment.

NICK SCHIFRIN: A reminder that, so far, all the progress that's been made is fragile and reversible. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Nick Schifrin.

JUDY WOODRUFF: A personal side we don't often see.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：朝鲜战争使朝鲜半岛一分为二，让许多家庭骨肉分离。如今，随着朝韩关系的改善，一些家庭在数十年分局后将重聚首。尼克·士弗林进行了报道，通过他的报道，我们可以知道这次聚首对朝鲜与韩国和美国关系的重要性。

尼克·士弗林：朴道辛60年来反复走着的同一条路：他总是慢慢走过首尔的人行道，然后走进红十字会办事处，希冀着能找到1950年后就未曾见过的手足兄弟。那时候，朝鲜入侵韩国，杀掉了上千名韩国士兵，还将一些韩国士兵作为俘虏押回朝鲜。朴先生的兄弟就曾是一名韩国士兵。目前为止，朴先生还不知道自己兄弟的命运如何。他开始叙述自己为了找人而花了多长时间以及去过了多少地方。对于很多韩国人来说，68年之前的伤至今还未痊愈。但如今，一些伤口得到了修复。这座小镇里还有一个名叫金光昊，1950年的时候，他也与兄弟失散，以为兄弟死了，但后来韩国政府于今年通知他说，他的兄弟还活着，现在人在朝鲜。68年来，他一直在为重聚首而做准备，他收集了政府关于团聚的手册、照片，这样就可以给兄弟炫耀自己娶到的媳妇儿。金光昊，韩国：我很惊讶，也很开心。我更为惊讶的是他居然还活着。我82岁了，那我的兄弟今年应该是78岁。我的孩子们都开玩笑说，见面时我可能都认不出他来了。

尼克·士弗林：但这对金氏兄弟还是认出了彼此，这全凭一家人血脉相连的昔日记忆。他们互换了老照片，从照片中可以看到曾经的一个时代，在那个时代里，亲友们有着一样的传统、语言和文化，从未割裂过。本周，数十个家庭都将重聚，其中既有从未相见的兄妹，也有70年未曾见面的母女。虽然朝鲜还是带着自己的情绪，但它还是同意举行这样的见面会，让金正恩看起来更有领导人风范。毕竟金正恩刚刚与韩国领导人文在寅会晤过，前美国情报局分析员荣格·帕克如是说道。

荣格·帕克，布鲁金斯研究机构：这次重聚有点宣传造势的感觉。看看少得可怜的人才能重聚就知道了。最多就几十个人，根本谈不上几百人甚至上千人。我觉得金正恩是在努力告诉大家：我正在履行朝韩会晤中我所承诺的部分。

尼克·士弗林：朝鲜方面也表示自己正在履行在特金会上对特朗普总统的承诺。从那之后，朝鲜就暂停了导弹的研制和核试验，送回了美国在朝鲜战争中阵亡的士兵遗骨，毁掉了通往主要核试验点的入口，这些都能从卫星云图中看到，包括朝鲜毁掉了某发动机试点的事情。朝鲜做的这些事情都令人觉得不可思议，前国务院官员、朝鲜的长期观察员罗伯特·卡林如是说道。

罗伯特·卡林，前美国情报局及国务院分析员：上次看到朝鲜领导人扔掉手中的筹码是什么时候的事？这些都是重要的谈判筹码。金正恩本可以牢牢握紧的，但他没有这样做。他甘愿放下这些筹码，只为推进进程。

尼克·士弗林：但评论家表示这个过程不会那么快。今天，联合国核活动监察机构表示，尚无证据表明朝鲜采取了任何措施来停止其核活动，这个迹象表明朝鲜不是很重视实现无核化的事情，荣格·帕克如是说道。

荣格·帕克：看看他们说的话、做的事以及他们能做什么事，就知道他们还没做到。所以监察机构才会参与进来。在我看来，他们就是不重视无核化，而且它们正试图把无核化当幌子来骗美国宣告和平。

尼克·士弗林：朝韩两国希望变1953年的停战协议为永久和平局势。荣格·帕克表示，这是想要分散美国注意力，而本来美国的首要关注点是无核化。

荣格·帕克：朝鲜政府一直竭力做的事情之一就是：转移外界注意力到与核无关的事情上，所以人们就会习惯性地认为实际上是有核武器的。

尼克·士弗林：但从朝鲜的角度来看，是美国在转移注意力到与特朗普所签订协议无关的事情上去，是美国急着让朝鲜做出太多的让步。

罗伯特·卡林：金正恩用了“同步”这个词。也就是说，朝鲜可以推进无核化，但我们同时也要推进其他方面。那我们为什么要犹豫呢？因为我们卡在了亘古不变的一个问题上：总想让别人先让步。“不不不，你先来”的这种想法。但其实是可以变通的，只要各方能坐下来谈。

尼克·士弗林：美国和朝鲜官员正在讨论的事情是：朝鲜是否要提供一个导弹和核项目的目录表。美国官员认为，如能提供这份清单就表明朝鲜采取了积极的行动，这样美国就能跟自己的情报部门核对朝鲜是否在说谎了。与此同时，朝韩两国将通力合作，但即便组织的重聚见面会感染力颇为强大，但参会的民众知道重聚会只是暂时的。

金光昊（经过译员翻译）：这是甜苦参半的感觉。我很高兴能见到我哥哥，但我们哥俩总要分开的。我不知道分别的时候，我该做些什么。

尼克·士弗林：这里还是要给大家提个醒——目前的所有进程都不堪一击，可能都是可逆的。这里是尼克·士弗林为您播报的《新闻一小时》。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：感谢你，让我们体会到了通常难得一见的个人角度。