PBS高端访谈:自己制作口罩（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Returning now to the question of wearing masks, how effective they are, and whether homemade masks can help stop the spread of the virus. We want to look at what is motivating the small army of citizens making masks in their own communities. Jeffrey Brown focuses on one Washington, D.C., suburb: Bethesda, Maryland, where locals have put sewing machines to work to make different types of masks for local medical professionals. It's part of our ongoing arts and culture series, Canvas.

JEFFREY BROWN: Fiber artist Anya Caldwell is used to creating handmade products. She knits, crochets, weaves and sews. Now she's using any fabric she has, as well as donated linens, dish towels and pajamas, for a new purpose.

ANYA CALDWELL, Mask Maker: A personal message to the people out there that are obviously stressed having to do this right now that we care for them, we love them. Neighbors donated the fabric that 37 years ago were the curtains in their baby's nursery. So they had sentimental value.

JEFFREY BROWN: Caldwell has produced more than 200 fabric masks herself and is also working with families to make almost 200 more. They have received design advice from local health care workers. Some nurses and doctors around the country are welcoming the handmade masks, as hospital-supplied surgical masks are depleted. Jennifer Sun, a pediatrician by training, follows a do-it-yourself pattern recommended online that allows a filter to be inserted as an additional protective layer.

DR. JENNIFER SUN, Mask Maker: There was a Facebook group that formed that has now over 5,000 members to send a message to people who are in charge that they need to get better protective equipment for our health care providers.

JEFFREY BROWN: The need to contribute amid so much uncertainty is motivating people all over, a sail maker in Maine.

WOMAN: I'm with you. I hear you.

JEFFREY BROWN: A fashion designer in South Carolina, workers at a jeans company in Mississippi. Back in Bethesda, Rodolfo Castro, his wife, Lisa, and kids felt that same need.

RODOLFO CASTRO, Mask Maker: We hope that these masks can lend a little more protection or extend the life of the N95 masks that nurses and doctors are wearing.

JEFFREY BROWN: High school junior Grace McGuire uses bright fabrics collected over the years on visits to her grandmother in Hawaii. She aims to make 100 masks, some for community members.

GRACE MCGUIRE, Mask Maker: It's also therapeutic. And it's a good, it's a good, like, way to make me feel productive, because I'm helping people in my community have safer masks, so they're not buying these medical masks that the hospitals need.

JEFFREY BROWN: Lawyers Gary and Janet McDavid, have built what they call an assembly line in their basement. Along with neighbors, they have completed hundreds of CDC-compliant homemade surgical masks.

GARY MCDAVID, Mask Maker: When we're finished, we take them to the hospital, we call, and they send someone out to collect the masks.

JEFFREY BROWN: Maria Monteverde-Jackson says the handiwork has multiple purposes.

MARIA MONTEVERDE-JACKSON, Mask Maker: Of course I believe in the power of small groups in times of crisis. I mean, the world needs big heroes right now. But we also need small heroes. And I suppose our greatest hope is that, in a small way, these masks help them to come home to their friends and family when this is all over, and to be able to give them a great big hug, because we could all use a great big hug right now.

JEFFREY BROWN: For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Jeffrey Brown.

JUDY WOODRUFF: We sure could. And we thank every single one of them and every one of you who are doing this for what you are doing. Thank you.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：现在回到戴口罩的问题上——戴口罩有多大效果呢？自制的口罩是否有助于阻断病毒的传播呢？我们想来了解一下这一批市民自制口罩的初衷和动力。杰弗里·布朗关注了华盛顿特区、郊区：马里兰州的贝塞斯达。这里的一些市民将缝纫机派上了用场，用来制作不同类型的口罩，供当地的医务人员使用。今晚的采访是帆布系列报道的部分艺术文化的部分内容。

杰弗里·布朗：纤维艺术家安雅·考德威尔习惯于制作手工制品。她会缝纫、钩针、编织、缝合。现在她让手头的织物和大家捐献的亚麻、洗碗巾、睡裤派上了新的用场。

安雅·考德威尔，口罩制作者：对于不得不站在第一线的人来说，我们想传达一个讯息——我们关心着他们、碍着他们。37年前，街坊邻里捐赠了一些幼儿园的窗帘作为织物。这个赠物里饱含了感情。

杰弗里·布朗：考德威尔自己就自制了200多个口罩，还跟一些家庭共同制作了大概200多个口罩。他们获得了当地医务工作者给的制作简易。全国各地的一些护士和医生对于自制的口罩也深表欢迎，因为现在医院的医用口罩也弹尽粮绝了。詹妮弗是训练有素的儿科医生，他遵从网上的推荐做了自制的口罩，里面可以放入过滤装置来作为额外的一层保护。

詹妮弗，口罩制作者：这是一个脸书组织，现在已有5000多名成员，他们向人们传达一个讯息——应该为医务工作者提供更好的防护性物资。

杰弗里·布朗：在如此大的不确定性之下为大家风险就是在激励缅因州的所有人自制口罩。

女：我支持你，我愿意倾听你的声音。

杰弗里·布朗：南卡州的一名时尚设计师以及密西西比州的一家牛仔裤公司的工人们。贝塞斯达的鲁道夫·卡斯特罗和妻子丽莎以及他们的几个孩子也都感到了这样的需求。

鲁道夫·卡斯特罗，口罩制作者：我们希望这些资质的口罩能提供多一点的保护，或者能延长医务工作者佩戴的N95口罩的寿命。

杰弗里·布朗：中学三年级学生格蕾丝·麦圭尔用到了近些年来看望夏威夷孙女时积攒的鲜亮织物。她的目标是制作100个口罩，其中一些给社群成员用。

格蕾丝·麦圭尔，口罩制作者：这样也有益于健康，让我感觉自己很有生产力，因为我能帮上忙，让社群用上更安全的口罩，这样他们就不会去买医院需要的医用口罩了。

杰弗里·布朗：律师盖里和珍妮特在自己的地下室里建起了流水线。他们跟邻居一起完成了数百个符合CDC规定的自制外科口罩。

盖里，口罩制作者：等我们做好之后，会送去医院。我们打电话，然后他们派人来取。

杰弗里·布朗：玛利亚则表示自制口罩有许多用途。

玛利亚，口罩制作者：在危难时刻，我当然相信许多小群体的力量。我想说，世界现在需要很多个大英雄，但我们也需要一些小英雄。我想我们最大的希望是——等疫情结束了，这些口罩可以稍微帮助他们回家去看亲朋好友，能让他们感受到大大的拥抱，因为我们现在都可以传递这样大大的拥抱。

杰弗里·布朗：感谢收听杰弗里·布朗发回的报道。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：我们确实都可以传递拥抱。感谢每一个自制口罩的人所做的贡献，谢谢所有这样的人。