PBS高端访谈:特朗普开始服用羟化氯喹（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Major new developments in the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States reaches 90,000 deaths out of 1.5 million cases, as more of the country loosens restrictions. There is potentially promising news about a possible vaccine. And President Trump drops his own medical bombshell. John Yang begins our coverage.

JOHN YANG: While meeting with food industry executives at the White House today, President Trump made a startling disclosure. He's been taking the controversial drug hydroxychloroquine as a preventive against COVID-19.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: So I'm taking it too, the zinc and the hydroxy. And all can I tell you is, so far, I seem to be OK.

JOHN YANG: The president's use of the drug outside a hospital setting goes against the Food and Drug Administration's warning about the risk of heart problems. Mr. Trump has long touted the anti-malaria medication's potential, even though its effectiveness is unproven. He made the disclosure amid possible signs of progress on a vaccine. Drugmaker Moderna reported that limited data from early human testing suggests its experimental product is safe and triggers an immune response. This all comes as the nation takes tentative steps toward reopening. Before dawn in Michigan today, Fiat Chrysler autoworkers returned to work for the first time since this plant closed in mid-March due to COVID-19.

JODI TINSON, Spokeswoman, Fiat Chrysler: Everybody is going to have to take their temperature daily and fill out that screening. And they will have to go through the same screening process every morning when they come to work.

JOHN YANG: Michigan recorded 11 new deaths Sunday, the lowest since March 24. Governor Gretchen Whitmer said that, in coming days, some counties could lift restrictions.

GOV. GRETCHEN WHITMER (D-MI): So, I want to encourage everyone I want to encourage everyone to stay smart and to stay safe.

JOHN YANG: States like Florida and Massachusetts are issuing their own guidance on a gradual reopening. Florida Governor Ron DeSantis announced gyms and fitness centers can resume operations and restaurants can open at 50 percent capacity. San Francisco took a small step today, allowing retailers to reopen with curbside pickup. But in the epicenter of the country's outbreak, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio warned that lifting safety measures too quickly will lead to more infections.

BILL DE BLASIO (D), Mayor of New York: We cannot have a boomerang. We cannot have something where we have to shut down again.

JOHN YANG: But, across the country, some are defying measures meant to stop the spread of coronavirus. Several protesters stood outside a New Jersey strip mall this morning in support of a gym that opened in defiance of state guidance. Gym co-owner Ian Smith insisted it's safe and that proper safety precautions were in place:

IAN SMITH, Co-Owner, Atilis Gym: The gym has been sanitized top to bottom by a professional cleaning crew. Everything in the gym is six feet apart. Everything is clearly marked. There will be masks.

JOHN YANG: COVID-19 is taking center stage at the annual assembly, held by videoconference this year, of the 194-member World Health Organization. And the WHO is facing questions about how it handled the pandemic. The European Union, along with countries like the United Kingdom and New Zealand, are pushing for a probe into the response. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern:

JACINDA ARDERN, Prime Minister of New Zealand: Because this is one that does not seek to lay blame. It seeks to learn from an experience that I think every citizen around the world would know we would need to learn from.

JOHN YANG: Across hard-hit Italy, signs of new normalcy, as churches, shops and even Venice's gondolas reopened today. A nun and a priest, both wearing masks, entered St. Peter's Basilica today, open to the public for the first time in nearly three months. And in Denmark, for this first time in months, some enjoyed a cup of coffee brewed outside their kitchens, as cafes and restaurants resumed service. The country was the first in Europe to enter a lockdown in March, and was the first to being easing those rules last month. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm John Yang.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：疫情出现重要新进展。美国共有150万兵力，其中死亡人数达9万，与此同时，美国越来越多的地方都放松了管制。关于可能研制出的疫苗有一些有希望的消息。特朗普也炸出了一则与医疗有关的惊天消息。请听约翰·杨发回的报道。

约翰·杨：今天在白宫与食品行业的高管们会晤时，特朗普爆出了一则惊天消息。他一直在服用羟化氯喹来抵御新冠。

特朗普，美国总统：我本人也在服用羟化氯喹。我现在能告诉大家的是感觉还Ok。

约翰·杨：特朗普没有经过医院允许就使用了羟化氯喹，这违反了食品和药物管理局对引发心脏问题的预警。特朗普一直鼓吹羟化氯喹的潜力，虽然其疗效尚未经证实。特朗普披露这则消息的时候，疫苗的研制也出现了进展。制药公司Moderna在报告中指出，早期的人体测试提供了有限的数据。这些数据表明，其实验药品很安全，可以产生免疫响应。与此同时，美国正在尝试性地重新开放。今天，密歇根的黎明前，菲亚特克莱斯勒首次复工，这是疫情导致3月中旬该厂关停以来的首次。

约迪，发言人：每个人每天都要做体温监测，还要填写监测内容。每天早上上班的时候，都要走一遍这样的流程。

约翰·杨：周日，密歇根州再出现11例死亡病例，这是3月24以来的最低值。州长格雷琴·惠特默表示，不久后，一些国家将放松管制。

州长格雷琴·惠特默：我想鼓励大家机灵点，保证自己的安全。

约翰·杨：佛罗里达州、马萨诸塞州等州也发布了各自逐渐重开的指南。佛罗里达州州长罗恩宣布健身房可以恢复营业，餐厅可以恢复半数营业。旧金山今天也迈出了一小步——允许零售商重开路边摊。但疫情中心的纽约市市长警示称，太快撤除安全措施会导致更多人感染。

比尔·白思豪，纽约市长：不能重蹈覆辙，不能复工之后又停工。

约翰·杨：不过，有些人也否定了阻止疫情传播的措施。一些抗议示威者今天早上站在新泽西州零售店外支持一家违反该州指南而开业的健身馆。该馆老板史密斯简称很安全，有安全防护措施。

史密斯，Atilis健身房老板：健身房上上下下都由专业人员消过毒。所有器械相隔均有6英尺的距离。所有标识都完备，也有口罩。

约翰·杨：新冠也成了世卫组织194个成员国今年年度大会上的主要议题。世卫组织也面临着如何应对新冠的一些问题。欧盟和英国、新西兰等国也在推动对响应的调查。新西兰总理总理阿尔登：

新西兰总理总理阿尔登：这个事儿并不是要怪责谁，而是要从经验中学习，世界各国的每个公民都有需要学的地方。

约翰·杨：受到疫情重创的意大利也有新常态的迹象出现，一些教堂、商店、甚至威尼斯的贡多拉都重新开放了。带着口罩的修女和牧师也走进了圣彼得大教堂。这是该教堂近3个月以来第一次开放。丹麦也出现了几个月难得一见的景象——一些人在自家外品尝着煮好的咖啡，因为咖啡厅和餐厅也相继恢复营业了。丹麦是欧洲最早封锁的国家，这是3月的事儿。丹麦也是第一个解封的国家，这是上个月的事儿。感谢收听约翰·杨的报道。