2020年经济学人 一周要闻 航空业大规模裁员 巴菲特大规模抛售美企股票（在线收听）

The world this week

世界国际要闻

Business

经济

More swingeing job cuts were announced in the aviation business, an industry that has been hammered by the restrictions on travel. General Electric said 13,000 jobs would go in its aviation division; Rolls-Royce, which makes engines for Boeing and Airbus, was reportedly considering 8,000 lay-offs; Virgin Atlantic announced plans to reduce its workforce by a third and close its operations at London Gatwick; and Ryanair said it would reduce its headcount by 15%. Michael O’Leary, Ryanair’s abrasive boss, criticised the recent government rescues of Air France-KLM and other carriers as “state-aid doping” for weak airlines.

航空业宣布了更大规模的裁员，该行业一直受到旅行限制的冲击。通用电气表示，其航空部门将裁员1.3万人；据报道，为波音和空客生产发动机的劳斯莱斯公司正在考虑裁员8000人;维珍大西洋航空公司宣布计划裁员三分之一，并关闭其在伦敦盖特威克机场的运营；瑞安航空表示将裁员15%。瑞安航空老板迈克尔·奥利里(Michael O’leary)批评政府最近对法航荷航(Air France-klm)和其他航空公司的救助，称其为“国家资助的兴奋剂”，针对的是实力较弱的航空公司。

Bailing out

救助

Adding to the gloom, Warren Buffett’s investment company dumped the stock it held in America’s four biggest airlines. Berkshire Hathaway recorded an almost $50bn net loss in the first quarter, as its portfolio of shares took a pounding during the stockmarket rout.

雪上加霜的是，沃伦·巴菲特的投资公司抛售了其持有的美国四大航空公司的股票。今年第一季度，伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(Berkshire Hathaway)录得近500亿美元的净亏损，原因是其股票投资组合在股市暴跌期间遭受重挫。

Boeing, meanwhile, successfully closed a $25bn bond offering. Because of the “robust demand” in markets for its debt, the aerospace company does not anticipate having to turn to the government for aid. It is cutting 10% of its workforce and curbing production.

与此同时，波音成功完成了250亿美元的债券发行。由于市场对其债务的“强劲需求”，这家航空公司预计不会向政府求助。它将裁员10%并限制生产。

Alan Joyce, the chief executive of Qantas, said that it will take years for international travel to recover from the crisis. The Australian airline has shelved plans for non-stop flights from Australia to New York and London that were due to begin in 2022.

澳航首席执行官艾伦·乔伊斯(Alan Joyce)表示，国际旅行业务需要多年时间才能从危机中恢复过来。这家澳大利亚航空公司已经搁置了原定于2022年开始的从澳大利亚直飞纽约和伦敦的航班计划。

Airbnb forecast a 50% slump in annual revenue and said it would cut its workforce by a quarter. The online home-rental firm thinks coronavirus will forever change its market because people will want to travel to places that are closer to home and relatively safe. Airbnb had been expected to float its shares on the stockmarket this year.

Airbnb预计年收入将下降50%，并表示将裁员四分之一。这家在线房屋租赁公司认为，冠状病毒将永远改变其市场，因为人们将希望去离家更近、相对安全的地方旅游。Airbnb原本预计今年将在股票市场上市。

Just 4,321 new cars were registered in Britain last month, a drop of 97% compared with April 2019, according to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. The Italian and Spanish markets saw similar declines; in Germany registrations were down by 61% and in France sales fell by 89%. That stands in stark contrast to China, where, according to a Volkswagen official, the car market has rebounded.

英国汽车制造商和贸易商协会(SMMT)的数据显示，上个月英国新登记注册的汽车只有4321辆，比2019年4月下降了97%。意大利和西班牙市场也出现了类似的下跌;德国的新车注册量下降了61%，法国的销量下降了89%。这与中国形成了鲜明对比。据大众汽车一位管理人士表示，中国的汽车市场已经开始回暖。

Hertz was granted a reprieve from bankruptcy when a group of creditors extended the deadline for a missed debt payment. The car-rental company has seen its business collapse as airports shut shop.

当一群债权人延长了拖欠债务的最后期限时，赫兹从破产中获得了喘息的机会。随着机场纷纷关闭，这家汽车租赁公司的业务已经崩溃。