美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普签署警察改革行政令 未完全禁止扼喉（在线收听）

President Trump unveiled his version of police reform today. It was an executive order signed in the Rose Garden that he says will encourage police departments around the country to adopt better use of force and de-escalation policies.

特朗普总统今天公布了他的警察改革计划。这是在玫瑰园签署的一项行政令，他说这将鼓励美国各地的警察部门采取更好的武力使用和降级政策。

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PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: Reducing crime and raising standards are not opposite goals. They are not mutually exclusive.

唐纳德·特朗普总统：减少犯罪和提高标准并不是对立的目标。它们并不互相排斥。

CHANG: This move comes after the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, which led to weeks of protests in the U.S. White House reporter Ayesha Rascoe joins us now with more.

张：行政令发布前，警方在明尼阿波利斯杀害了乔治·弗洛伊德，这在美国引发了持续数周的抗议活动。白宫记者阿伊莎·拉斯科将带来详细报道。

Hey, Ayesha.

你好，阿伊莎。

AYESHA RASCOE, BYLINE: Hello.

阿伊莎·拉斯科连线：你好。

CHANG: So what exactly does this executive order do?

张：这项行政令具体包括哪些内容？

RASCOE: There are three major components. First, it uses federal grant money as an incentive to get local law enforcement agencies to seek specific certifications and credentials. The intent is that this will persuade departments to get more up-to-date training. It also calls for the attorney general to set up a database that will allow jurisdictions to share information about police officers who engage in excessive force and other inappropriate behavior. This database is supposed to allow departments to track officers who engage in misconduct so they don't get kicked out of one job and then just get hired again someplace else.

拉斯科：有三个主要部分。首先，行政令将联邦拨款作为激励，使地方执法机构寻求具体的认证和证书。其目的在于说服各部门接受更多最新培训。行政令还要求总检察长设立数据库，允许司法管辖区分享警察过度使用武力和其他不当行为的信息。这个数据库应允许各部门追踪存在不当行为的警察，以确保这些警察不会在被一个岗位解雇后，又在其他岗位重新被录用。

CHANG: OK.

张：好。

RASCOE: The final part of the order calls for the Justice Department to look at ways for law enforcement to partner with social workers and other advocates to help respond to calls dealing with mental health, addiction, things of that nature. The administration is also looking at what type of legislation might be needed to help improve law enforcement practices and interactions between the police and the communities they're supposed to protect. The order does not specifically mention racism. It does say that police misconduct in African American communities should be addressed.

拉斯科：行政令的最后一部分要求司法部研究执法部门与社会工作者和其他倡导者合作的方式，以帮助回应有关心理健康、上瘾等此类问题的呼吁。政府也在研究可能需要的立法，以帮助改善执法行为以及警察与他们应保护的社区之间的互动。行政令并未特别提到种族主义。但行政令明确表示，非洲裔美国人社区的警察不当行为应该得到解决。

CHANG: So how much of a difference do you think this executive order will make? What's your sense?

张：你认为这项行政令能起多少作用？你怎么看？

RASCOE: A lot will depend on how this is implemented and what type of follow-through happens here. But even some supporters of the president and conservative advocates say this is a first step and that these are modest changes. They fall well short of what some activists and Democrats are calling for. It does not include a full ban on chokeholds. It does say that chokeholds should not be used unless an officer feels their life is at risk. But typically, in these cases that have raised all these concerns, officers will say they feel their lives were at risk. So this is not an overhaul. And President Trump, in his speech, spent much of his time praising law enforcement, much less time talking about victims of police brutality. And he continued to drive home his message about the need for tough policing of looters. Here's more from him.

拉斯科：这在很大程度上取决于落实情况以及后续行动。但就连总统的一些支持者以及保守派拥护者都认为，这只是第一步，这些只是温和的改变。行政令远未达到一些活动人士以及民主党人的要求。行政令不包括全面禁止“扼喉”动作。它确实指出，除非警察感觉自已的生命存在危险，否则不应使用“扼喉”动作。但通常来说，在这些引发担忧的案件中，警察都会说他们感觉自已的生命处于危险之中。因此，这并不是全面改革。在特朗普总统的讲话中，他大部分时间都在称赞执法，而谈论警察暴行受害者的时间则要少得多。他仍在向人们传递的信息是：需要加强对抢劫者的监管。下面来听一下他的讲话。

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TRUMP: Americans want law and order. They demand law and order. They may not say it. They may not be talking about it, but that's what they want. Some of them don't even know that's what they want, but that's what they want.

特朗普：美国公民想要法律和秩序。他们要求法律和秩序。他们可能没有说出来。他们可能没有谈论这件事，但这就是他们想要的。他们中有些人甚至不知道那是他们想要的，但那确实就是他们想要的。

RASCOE: Trump did meet with some families that have lost their loved ones at the hands of the police, but those families notably were not standing behind Trump for the photo op of him signing the order. Those were just law enforcement representatives standing behind him.

拉斯科：特朗普的确会见了一些亲人命丧警察之手的家庭，但从总统签署行政令时所拍摄的照片来看，显然这些家庭当时并未站在他身后。他身后站的是执法代表。

CHANG: Interesting. All right. So while the president was announcing this order, Congress is working on legislation right now to address some of these exact same issues. Did the president address those efforts? What did he say?

张：这值得注意。好。在总统宣布这项行政令的同时，国会正在制定立法，以解决部分完全相同的问题。总统有谈到这些努力吗？他说了什么？

RASCOE: He did say he wanted Congress to do something, but he didn't lay out what he wants Congress to do and what he will ultimately be willing to sign into law. Senate Republicans are working on a bill that could be unveiled as early as this week. That's expected to include measures to require more reporting from departments when force is used and seeking to encourage higher standards. House Democrats have already released a bill that would, among other things, outright ban chokeholds. But it's unclear whether you're going to get a deal between Republicans and Democrats that can pass both chambers, and that's still a question.

拉斯科：他确实说他希望国会采取行动，但他并未具体说明他希望国会做什么，也未提到他最终愿意将哪些立法签署成法律。参议院共和党人正在制定一份法案，该法案最早可于本周公布。预计这份法案将包括的措施有：要求各部门在使用武力时提交更多报告，寻求鼓励提高标准。众议院民主党已经公布了一项法案，其中包括彻底禁止“扼喉”动作。但目前尚不清楚共和党和民主党之间是否能达成可在两院获得通过的协议，这仍然是个问题。

CHANG: That is NPR's Ayesha Rascoe.

张：以上是NPR新闻的阿伊莎·拉斯科带来的报道。

Thank you, Ayesha.

谢谢你，阿伊莎。

RASCOE: Thank you.

拉斯科：谢谢。