美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国参议院共和党公布警察改革法案（在线收听）

Today Republicans, led by South Carolina Senator Tim Scott, the only black Republican in the Senate, unveiled a police reform bill.

今天，由南卡罗来纳州参议员蒂姆·斯科特领导的共和党议员公布了一项警察改革法案，斯科特是参议院中唯一一位黑人共和党议员。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

TIM SCOTT: We believe that the overwhelming number of officers in this nation are good people.

蒂姆·斯科特：我们相信这个国家的绝大多数警察都是好人。

KELLY: President Trump supports this bill. Democrats, though, say it does not go far enough. They are going to require major changes to lend their support to the bill. NPR congressional correspondent Susan Davis joins me now.

凯利：特朗普总统支持这项法案。但是，民主党人认为该法案的力度不够。他们要进行重大改动后才会支持该法案。NPR新闻驻国会记者苏珊·戴维斯将和我们连线。

Hey, Sue.

你好，苏。

SUSAN DAVIS, BYLINE: Hey there.

苏珊·戴维斯连线：你好。

KELLY: All right. Lay out the landscape for us. What exactly are Senate Republicans proposing?

凯利：好。请为我们介绍一下背景。参议院共和党的提案具体包括哪些内容？

DAVIS: So their bill would create new funding incentives for police departments to put in place things like chokehold bans and requiring the use of body cameras. Basically, if police departments did that, they would get more money from the federal government. And if they don't do those things, they would get less money. But the government wouldn't mandate either one of them.

戴维斯：他们的法案将为警察部门制定新的资金激励措施，以实施“扼喉”禁令，并要求使用随身摄像头。基本上来说，如果警察部门实施这些措施，他们会从联邦政府获得更多拨款。如果他们不实施这些措施，那他们获得的拨款就会减少。但政府不会强制要求。

It includes stricter reporting on the use of no-knock warrants — doesn't ban them — and creates new penalties for filing false police reports. It also creates a new database that would track the disciplinary records of police officers to make it harder to hire cops with bad records, and it would direct the DOJ, the Department of Justice, to provide more training for police on how to deescalate situations.

这份法案包括更严格地报告“不敲门”搜查令的使用——但并未禁止——并为提交虚假警察报告的行为制定新惩罚。法案还要求创建一个新的数据库，追踪警察的纪律记录，使拥有不良记录的警察更难被重新雇用，法案还将指导司法部为警察提供更多减少冲突的培训。

KELLY: Now, how big are the differences between that bill and what Democrats in the House are putting forward in their bill?

凯利：这项法案与众议院民主党提出的法案有多大差异？

DAVIS: There are a lot of similarities, and Republicans certainly included some things in their bill to try and bring along Democratic support. There are things like making lynching a federal crime for the first time. It includes the creation of a new commission to study the conditions that impact young black men and boys in this country, also in the Democrats' bill.

戴维斯：两个法案有很多相似之处，共和党当然在法案中加入了试图争取民主党支持的内容。比如首次将私刑定为联邦犯罪等。法案还要求建立一个新委员会，以研究影响美国黑人青年和少年的情况，民主党的法案中也包括这一点。

But a lot of the Senate bill is a weaker version of what Democrats are trying to do. For example, the Democrats' bill explicitly bans chokeholds and no-knock warrants. It also addresses this issue of qualified immunity, and the Democrats' bill would make it easier to sue police officers if constitutional or civil rights are violated. Tim Scott told reporters today that that's a nonstarter for him.

但参议院法案中的许多内容都是民主党法案的弱化版。比如，民主党法案明确禁止“扼喉”和“不敲门”搜查令。民主党法案还提出了限定豁免权，使在宪法或民事权利受到侵犯的情况下起诉警察变得更加容易。蒂姆·斯科特今天对记者表示，这对他来说是不可行的。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

SCOTT: When the Democrats start talking about qualified immunity and the ability to aggressively pursue the officers at a higher threshold, that is hard. That's a poison pill, from my perspective. Is there a conversation that could be had around something different? Perhaps. I haven't heard it yet.

斯科特：民主党开始谈论限定豁免权和在更高的门槛上积极追查警察的能力，但这是很难实现的。在我看来，这是毒丸防御。有没有可能围绕不同立场展开谈话？可能。但我尚未听到。

DAVIS: This qualified immunity divide is going to be one of these major sticking points to getting a deal, but I want to note that not all Republicans are ruling it out. Senator Mike Braun of Indiana said today he's working on a proposal on qualified immunity that he hopes to unveil next week.

戴维斯：这一限定豁免权分歧将是达成协议的主要症结之一，但我想指出的是，并不是所有共和党人都排除了这一可能性。印第安纳州参议员迈克·布劳恩今天表示，他正在起草一项有关限定豁免权的提案，他希望下周能公布该提案。

KELLY: Speaking of next week, let's talk timing. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell says he will move to bring this bill up for a vote next week. That sounds like Democrats in the Senate are going to have some decisions to make. Do they get on board? Do they try to negotiate? What's their plan?

凯利：说到下周，我们来谈谈时间安排。参议院多数党领袖米奇·麦康奈尔表示，他计划下周对这项法案进行投票。听起来参议院民主党要做出决定。他们达成一致了吗？他们有试图进行谈判吗？他们的计划是什么？

DAVIS: Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer spoke about the bill on the floor today. He said it doesn't, quote, "rise to the moment," but he didn't close the door to negotiations. So we'll see how that'll play out in the course of the next week. And the House speaker, Nancy Pelosi, panned the Senate bill. She said Democrats want bigger reforms. Democrats are looking for something that will more fundamentally transform policing in this country. Democrats are going to pass their bill in the House next week as well.

戴维斯：参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默今天在发言中谈到了这项法案。他表示，这“尚没有定论”，但他并未关闭谈判的大门。因此，我们要看看下周的情况。众议院议长南希·佩洛西对参议院法案表达了不满。她表示，民主党想要更大的改革。民主党正在寻找能从根本上改变美国警察执法的方法。民主党人下周也将在众议院通过他们提出的法案。

The two parties, I think it's important to understand, are really at odds at what the problem is they're trying to solve here. Democrats have been pretty unambiguous about systemic racism in policing, and Republicans largely reject that characterization. Scott was asked today if he believes systemic racism was the problem, and this is what he said.

我认为重要的是要理解，两党确实在他们试图解决的问题上存在分歧。民主党人对警察执法中的系统性种族主义的态度相当明确，但共和党人基本反对这种定性。斯科特今天被问及他是否认为系统性种族主义是问题，以下是他的回答。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

SCOTT: I don't know how to tell people that the nation is not racist. I'll try again. We're not a racist country. We deal with racism because there's racism in the country.

斯科特：我不知道如何告诉人们美国不是种族主义者。我要再试一次。我们不是种族主义国家。我们处理种族主义问题，是因为这个国家存在种族主义。

DAVIS: This is just one of these sort of foundational ideological differences in this debate that is giving some reason to be skeptical that they're going to reach a deal here.

戴维斯：这只是这场辩论中的其中一种基本意识形态分歧，这使人们有理由怀疑他们是否能达成协议。

KELLY: Politically, with so many voices in the country calling for change, calling for reform, is there a risk if Congress fails to act right now?

凯利：从政治上来说，由于国内现在有如此多的声音在呼吁改变，呼吁改革，那如果国会现在没能采取行动，是否会有风险？

DAVIS: There could be, but I think that's why there's a lot of bipartisanship and some goodwill to try to get something done. But it's really hard to separate this from the election year, right? I mean, there is clear urgency at the White House and among Republicans to respond to this public outcry, especially when there's a lot of distrust of the president among people of color when it comes to matters of racial injustice. But I talked to a lot of Democrats today who say, you know, they might just want to wait to see what happens in November, especially when they have the chances of winning the White House and the Senate.

戴维斯：可能有，但我认为这就是为什么两党之间开展了很多合作，而且有一些善意试图完成某些事。但很难把这与选举年分开，对吧？我的意思是，显然白宫和共和党迫切需要对这种公众责难做出回应，尤其是有色人种在种族不公正问题上对总统表现出明显的不信任时。但我今天采访了很多民主党人，他们说他们可能想等等看11月会发生什么，尤其是当他们有机会赢得白宫和参议院时。

KELLY: Thank you, Sue.

凯利：谢谢你，苏。

DAVIS: You're welcome.

戴维斯：不客气。

KELLY: NPR's Susan Davis.

凯利：以上是NPR的苏珊·戴维斯带来的报道。