PBS高端访谈:美国将重新开放学校（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now the latest on the summer surge of the coronavirus pandemic. The number of dead topped 550,000 worldwide today, including 133,000 here in the United States. And the number of new infections shows no signs of abating. White House correspondent Yamiche Alcindor reports.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Day by day, the new surge in COVID-19 cases is growing. Much of the country is now steadily reporting increased infections. And, today, there were new single-day highs in Alabama and Montana and other parts of the country. Only two states, Vermont and New Hampshire are seeing infections decline, according to The New York Times. Governors are scrambling to try to flatten the new curve, after their states reopened.

GOV. RON DESANTIS (R-FL): If you're in those vulnerable age groups, or you have the comorbidities, be very careful about types of close contact you have, avoid crowds at all costs, because those are going to be situations where you're going to be most at risk.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Today, the nation's top infectious diseases doctor advised states to pause lifting restrictions. Dr. Anthony Fauci spoke on an online forum in Washington.

DR. ANTHONY FAUCI, NIAID Director: So, rather than think in terms of reverting back to a complete shutdown, I would think we need to get the states pausing in their opening process, looking at what did not work well, and try to mitigate that.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Meanwhile, the head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention insisted his agency is not revising its guidelines for schools to reopen.

DR. ROBERT REDFIELD, CDC Director: It's not a revision of the guidelines. It's just to provide additional information to help the schools be able to use the guidance that we put forward.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Robert Redfield spoke a day after President Trump called the CDC standards impractical. Yesterday, Vice President Pence said new guidelines would be coming out next week as a result of the president's criticism. At the Capitol, debate also heated up over reopening schools. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi warned against putting children at risk.

REP. NANCY PELOSI (D-CA): This administration seems to be turning its back on science and instead saying, open up, take a risk. Oh, by the way, open up the schools. Overwhelmingly, the teachers want to open up the schools, but it has to be safe for the children.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: But House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy argued that remote learning will hurt a generation of students. And he urged incentives for schools to resume.

REP. KEVIN MCCARTHY (R-CA): You can protect them from liability, so schools will actually have a willingness and a desire to open, and not a fear that they're going to be sued.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The pandemic's economic damage keeps mounting as well. The Labor Department said today more than 1.3 million Americans filed for unemployment benefits last week. The world's other hot spots are also struggling to make headway. Today, India reported 25,000 new cases in 24 hours. In hard-hit Mumbai, doctors went door to door to test residents for the virus. And the government of Serbia dropped plans for a weekend lockdown, after two nights of violent protests over the restrictions. Officials also banned gatherings of more than 10 people in Belgrade. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Yamiche Alcindor.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：现在是夏季冠状病毒大流行的最新情况。今天全世界死亡人数超过55万，其中美国有13.3万。新感染的数量没有减少的迹象。白宫记者亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔报道。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：一天一天，新的COVID-19病例激增正在增加。美国大部分地区目前报告称感染人数在稳步上升。今天，阿拉巴马州、蒙大拿州和美国其他地区出现了新的单日新高。据《纽约时报》报道，只有佛蒙特州和新罕布什尔州这两个州的感染率在下降。各州重新开放后，州长们正争先恐后地试图拉平新的曲线。

州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯（佛州）：如果你属于那些易受伤害的年龄组，或者你有合并症，对你的亲密接触人群要非常小心，不惜一切代价避免拥挤，因为在那些情况下，你将面临最大的风险。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：今天，美国顶级传染病医生建议各州暂停取消限制。安东尼·福奇博士在华盛顿的一个在线论坛上发表了讲话。

国立过敏与传染病研究所所长福奇：所以，与其考虑恢复完全关闭，我认为我们需要让各州暂停他们的开放进程，看看哪些地方没有做好，并设法减轻这种情况。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：与此同时，疾病控制和预防中心的负责人坚持说，他的机构没有修改学校重新开学的计划。

罗伯特·雷德菲尔德博士，疾控中心主任：这不是对指南的修订。这只是为了提供更多的信息，帮助学校能够使用我们提出的指导。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：特朗普称疾控中心标准不切实际，一天后罗伯特·雷德菲尔德发表讲话。昨天，美国副总统彭斯表示，由于总统的批评，新的指导方针将于下周出台。在国会，关于重开学校的辩论也激烈起来。众议院议长南希·佩洛西警告不要让儿童处于危险之中。

众议员南希·佩洛西（华盛顿特区）：本届政府似乎是在背弃科学，而是说，开放点，冒险一点。哦，顺便说一句，打开学校。绝大多数教师都想开放学校，但必须保证孩子们的安全。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多：但是众议院少数党领袖凯文·麦卡锡认为远程学习会伤害一代学生。他还敦促鼓励学校恢复教育。

众议员凯文·麦卡锡（加州）：你可以保护他们免受责任，所以学校实际上会有开放的意愿和愿望，而不是担心他们会被起诉。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：大流行的经济损失也在不断增加。美国劳工部今天说，上周超过130万美国人申请失业救济。世界其他热点地区也在努力取得进展。今天，印度在24小时内报告了2.5万新病例。在受灾严重的孟买，医生挨家挨户地对居民进行病毒检测。塞尔维亚政府也放弃了周末禁闭的计划，之前发生了两晚的暴力抗议。官方还在贝尔格莱德禁止10人以上集会。我是亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔，PBS新闻一小时。