商业周刊:2050万美国人失业预示着更多的痛苦即将来临(3)（打印版）

Earnings, Unemployment

收入、失业

A clearer measure of job realities on the ground -- the so-called underemployment rate,

对当地工作的实际情况进行更为明确地衡量，所谓的就业不足率，

which includes discouraged workers and those working part-time who want full hours -- rose to nearly 23%,

包括灰心丧气的工人和那些想做全职工作的兼职人员比率上升到近23%，

implying nearly a quarter of Americans experienced a job hit.

这意味着近23%的美国人遭受到工作的打击。

One particular group of lower-paid workers -- leisure and hospitality employees,

其中一个低收入群体是休闲和酒店业雇员，

such as those in restaurants and hotels -- declined by 7.65 million, almost half of total employment in the sector.

如餐厅和酒店的员工，其数量减少了765万人，几乎占该行业总就业人数的一半。

The Labor Department said the unadjusted unemployment rate in April would have been almost 5 percentage points higher

美国劳工部表示，如果失业工人员工对自己进行适当分类，而不是降低他们就业但缺勤的比例，

if unemployed workers had properly classified themselves, rather than marking down that they were employed but absent from work.

4月份未经调整的失业率将高出近5个百分点。

Furloughed workers accounted for about 4 out of every 5 unemployed Americans.

每5个失业的美国人中，就有4个是遭遇解雇的工人。

The data showed average hourly earnings rose a massive 4.7% from the prior month and 7.9% from a year earlier

数据显示，平均每小时收入较上月大幅增长4.7%，较上年同期增长7.9%，

-- more than double March's pace -- but those figures were skewed higher by the disproportionate loss of low-wage workers from payrolls,

增幅超过3月份的两倍，但这些数据因低工资员工不成比例地从工资表上流失而偏高，

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rather than any wage pressures boosting employee pay.

而非任何提高员工工资的工资压力。

The labor-force participation rate fell to 60.2% -- the lowest since 1973 -- from 62.7%.

劳动力参与率从62.7%降至60.2%，为1973年以来的最低水平。

Among prime-age men, those ages 25 to 54, it dropped to a record-low 86.4%.

在25岁至54岁的壮年男性中，这一比例降至86.4%，为创纪录的最低水平。

Almost every industry was hit hard. Manufacturers cut 1.33 million positions and retailers 2.1 million.

几乎所有行业都受到了沉重打击。制造商裁员133万，零售商裁员210万，

Even health-care jobs fell by 1.44 million as non-Covid visits and elective procedures dried up or offices closed.

即使是医疗保健工作岗位也减少了144万，原因是非新冠肺炎探访和选择性程序枯竭或办公室关闭。

Trump -- who's polling behind the presumptive Democratic nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden

特朗普支持民主党候选人、前副总统拜登的民调，

-- said Friday that the massive U.S. job losses from the coronavirus outbreak aren't a surprise and that he shouldn't be blamed for it.

他于周五表示，新冠疫情爆发导致大量美国人失业，这并不令人感到意外，不应该责怪他。

While the pandemic has crushed economies around the world, job losses hurt more in the U.S. than in most other developed nations.

虽然这场流行病已经摧毁了世界各地的经济，但在美国，失业造成的伤害比大多数其他发达国家都更严重。

That's because about 160 million Americans get health insurance through employers and without jobs,

这是因为约1.6亿美国人通过雇主获得医疗保险，而没有工作，

they could face steep monthly premiums or lose coverage entirely -- which may exacerbate the economic and health impact of Covid-19.

他们可能面临每月的高额保费或完全失去保险，这可能会加剧疫情对经济和健康的影响。