美国国家公共电台 NPR 希腊难民营发生大火 致上万人流离失所（在线收听）

A refugee camp caught fire in Greece overnight. The flames, we are told, left more than 12,000 migrants in need of emergency shelter. And it was a camp on lockdown at the time because of the coronavirus. NPR's Joanna Kakissis has been to that camp in the past and is on the line. Joanna, what kind of a camp is it? Was does it look like when you're there?

希腊一难民营在夜间着火。据悉，大火导致1.2万余名移民需要紧急避难。这一难民营因冠状病毒而处于封锁状态。NPR新闻的乔安娜·卡基西斯以前去过该难民营，现在她将和我们连线。乔安娜，这个难民营什么样？你去那里时情况如何？

JOANNA KAKISSIS, BYLINE: So this is a camp on the island of Lesbos. It's a notorious camp, and I use that word because it's been described as hell on Earth, the worst refugee camp in Europe. And that's because it's been chronically overcrowded for years now. And by overcrowded, I mean it was built to hold 3,000 people, and before this fire, it was holding 12,000. And at times in the past, it's held 22,000. And it's filthy. It's very poorly taken care of. There was no — there were very few water taps, not enough soap. And so during the time of the pandemic, everybody kept saying this is a time bomb ready to explode. And instead, they got a very different kind of explosion but just as horrifying.

乔安娜·卡基西斯连线：这个难民营位于莱斯沃斯岛。这是一个臭名昭著的难民营，我用这个词是因为它被称为“人间地狱”，是欧洲最糟糕的难民营。因为那里多年来一直人满为患。具体来说，这座难民营设计容纳大约3000人，但在火灾发生前，其实际收容了1.2万人。过去，那里甚至一度收容了2.2万人。因此，环境可以说是脏乱差。而且生活条件极为恶劣。难民营里水龙头非常少，香皂也不够。因此在疫情期间，每个人都认为这是一棵随时会爆炸的定时炸弹。而现在，虽然爆炸方式完全不同，但同样可怕。

INSKEEP: When I think of a refugee camp, when I think of ones I visited, I think a very narrow dirt pass with tents or very temporary structures, everything crowded together, where I would imagine if one thing burned, a lot of things would burn. Is that the way this camp was?

因斯基普：说到难民营，我会想到我去过的那些难民营，我脑海中浮现的是非常狭窄的通道上搭了许多帐篷或临时建筑，所有东西都挤在一起，如果一个东西起火，我可以想象会有很多东西被点燃。这个难民营就是这种情况吧？

KAKISSIS: That's exactly right. The camp, it was basically just a bunch of tents together, some containers, meaning, like, these kind of small little houses for families and for vulnerable people. But this camp was so crowded that people had actually set up makeshift tents, like, made out of cardboard and whatever they could salvage just outside the camp. So it was so crowded inside the camp where the flames started, but they could have very easily jumped outside and there would have been an even bigger problem outside the camp where the makeshift tents were.

卡基西斯：没错。基本上来说，这个难民营由一堆帐篷和一些集装箱组成，集装箱指家庭和弱势人群居住的小型房屋。但这座难民营过于拥挤，所以人们在难民营外面搭建了临时帐篷，这种帐篷由纸板和他们能打捞到的任何东西做成。起火的难民营非常拥挤，但他们本可以轻易地跑到难民营外面，但由于外面都是临时帐篷，所以产生了更大的问题。

INSKEEP: Now I guess we don't know the cause of this fire at this time, but is it clear the extent of the damage? Does it seem that most or everything is destroyed?

因斯基普：我想我们现在还不清楚火灾发生的原因，那我们知道火灾造成的破坏程度吗？似乎大部分或者说一切都被毁了？

KAKISSIS: Yeah. Well, we've heard figures — about 70% to 80% of the camp is destroyed, so it's pretty much gutted, and most of the tents as well, areas where there was kind of a makeshift hospital, small, little clinic that MSF had set up, Doctors Without Borders. Yeah. So it's smoldering now. It's full of — I saw a video where people were walking around and it was just all ashes. And they were looking at where their tents used to be, and they were just horrified.

卡基西斯：对。我们听到了一些数据，约70%到80%的难民营被毁，可以说难民营基本全部被毁，大部分帐篷以及临时医院、无国界医生组织建立的小型诊所也被烧毁了。现场还在冒烟。我看到的一个视频显示，人们在走来走去，到处都是灰烬。人们看着他们原来的帐篷，他们吓坏了。

INSKEEP: We mentioned that it was on COVID-19 lockdown. Had there been an outbreak there?

因斯基普：我们刚才提到这个难民营因新冠肺炎而被封锁。那里有确诊病例吗？

KAKISSIS: Yes. There were at least 35 or 36 confirmed cases of people — they had been testing people. One person ended up getting confirmed with having the virus. Other people were tested, but they hadn't finished testing people. And so they locked down the camp to make sure they could test everybody. So that's where the lockdown came from.

卡基西斯：有。至少有35或36例确诊病例，他们一直在进行检测。一个人最终被确诊。其他人接受了检测，但检测尚未完成。因此，他们封锁了这个难民营，以确保能检测所有人。这就是封锁的原因。

INSKEEP: Is there anywhere for these thousands of people to go?

因斯基普：这个难民营里的数千人有地方可去吗？

KAKISSIS: No, not really because there hasn't been any alternative housing set up. That's what people are trying to do right now. And the EU has said — the European Union said, hey, you know, if you need money to set something up quickly, we'll do that. So right now, they're looking for a place to set these people up.

卡基西斯：没有，因为还没有其他替代住房。这就是人们现在正在努力的事情。欧盟说，嘿，你们知道，如果你们需要尽快搭建房屋的资金，我们可以提供。因此，现在他们正在寻找地方安置这些人。

INSKEEP: Joanna, thanks for the update, really appreciate it.

因斯基普：乔安娜，非常谢谢你带来的最新报道，非常感谢。

KAKISSIS: You're welcome, Steve.

卡基西斯：不客气，史蒂夫。

INSKEEP: NPR's Joanna Kakissis on the fire inside a refugee camp that appears to have left thousands with nowhere to go.

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻的乔安娜·卡基西斯就难民营火灾带来的报道，这场火灾似乎致数千人流离失所。