2020年经济学人 新冠疫情——检验资本主义的工具(2)（在线收听）

During the pandemic, CMES such as Germany have generally had a more coherent strategy for containing the spread of the virus.

在疫情期间，CMES，如德国，通常有一套更协调一致的策略来遏制病毒的传播。

Lockdowns may not seem like incremental change, but reducing working hours to limit social contact,

封锁或许看似不像是渐进性创新，但当已经建立了允许集体行动的机构时，

apportioning the costs across society and gaining public consent for restrictive measures are all easier

减少工作时长以限制社会接触、分摊社会成本以及

when there are already institutions in place which allow collective action.

获取公众对限制性措施的同意就更加容易了。

Success may be generated more by unity and consistency than by the strength of the intervention that is chosen.

成功可能更多地来自团结和一致，而不是所选择的干预力量。

For instance, Sweden was able to muster high levels of public support for its unorthodox—but incrementally innovative—

例如，瑞典能够召集高水平的公众支持其非常规但渐进的创新策略，

strategy of avoiding lockdowns entirely and relying on voluntary social distancing.

即完全避免封锁并依赖自愿社交距离的策略。

Co-ordinated economies are well equipped to handle co-ordination problems, such as promoting public health.

协调性经济体完全有能力处理协调问题，比如促进公共卫生。

By contrast, America's and Britain's virus-containment strategies can seem disjointed and occasionally chaotic.

相比之下，美国和英国的病毒抑制策略似乎是脱节的，有时甚至是混乱的。

As swashbuckling LMES, however, they are more likely to be the source of the most transformative innovations in the pandemic: treatments and vaccines.

然而，作为虚张声势的LMES，他们更有可能成为疫情中最具变革性创新的来源：治疗方法和疫苗。

Of 34 vaccine candidates tracked by the World Health Organisation, only four are in CMES;

世界卫生组织跟踪的34个候选疫苗中，仅有四个来自CMES；

LMES have 13 (AstraZeneca, an AngloSwedish drugmaker working with Oxford University, straddles both categories).

LMES有13个（AstraZeneca，一家与牛津大学合作的英语-瑞典制药商，跨越了这两种类别）。

It was British researchers who discovered the effectiveness of dexamethasone, a cheap drug, in treating covid-19 patients who are admitted to hospital.

是英国研究员发现了一种便宜的药物——地塞米松在治愈入院新冠病人方面的有效性。

The other leading candidate for effective drug treatment, remdesivir, is American.

有效治疗药物的另一种主要候选药物瑞德西韦是美国的。

In a provocative Bloomberg column earlier this year Tyler Cowen, an economist at George Mason University,

在彭博一篇煽动性的专栏中，乔治梅森大学的一位经济学家Tyler Cowen辩称，

argued that Britain, despite its high death count, had done more than any other country to stop the spread of the virus.

尽管死亡人数很高，但英国在阻止病毒传播方面做得比其他任何国家都多。

The differences between models of capitalism are also apparent in economic trends.

各资本主义模式之间的差异在经济趋势上也很明显。

To the extent that the pandemic brings about permanent structural change, LMES seem better placed to adapt.

在疫情带来的永久性的结构性改变方面，LMES似乎更能适应。

Anglo-Saxon firms have embraced a move towards more home working; France and Germany seem more resistant.

盎格鲁-撒克逊公司已经接受了更多在家工作的趋势；法国和德国似乎更抗拒。

The shift to online retail has been faster in liberal economies, too.

在自由经济国家，向在线零售的转变也更快。