英国卫报:群众的力量(4)（在线收听）

For most of us, a crowd can be an alluring thing, because the desire to be among the throng seems to be innate.

对我们大多数人来说，聚集是一件诱人的事情，因为融入人群的欲望似乎是与生俱来的。

Gathering together for ritualistic celebrations – dancing, chanting, festivalling,

因仪式庆典聚集在一起——跳舞，吟颂，狂欢，

costuming, singing, marching – goes back almost as far as we have any record of human behaviour.

戏装、唱歌、行军——它几乎可以追溯到有任何人类行为记录的时代。

In 2003, 13,000-year-old cave paintings were discovered in Nottinghamshire that seemed to show "conga lines" of dancing women.

2003年，诺丁汉郡发现了1.3万年前的洞穴壁画，这些壁画似乎展示了跳舞妇女的“康茄舞队列”。

According to the archeologist Paul Pettitt, the paintings matched others across Europe,

据考古学家保罗·佩提特说，这些画与欧洲其他国家的画不相上下，

indicating that they were part of a continent-wide Paleolithic culture of collective singing and dancing.

这表明他们是整个大陆上集体唱歌和跳舞的旧石器文化的一部分。

In Barbara Ehrenreich's 2007 book Dancing in the Streets: A History of Collective Joy,

在芭芭拉·埃伦赖希在2007年出版的《街头舞蹈：一段集体欢乐的历史》中：

she draws on the work of anthropologists including Robin Dunbar to argue that dancing and music-making was a social glue

她引用了包括罗宾·邓巴在内的人类学家的研究成果，认为舞蹈和音乐创作是一种社会粘合剂，

that helped stone-age families join together in larger groups than the family unit, to hunt and protect themselves from predators.

它们使得石器时代的家庭组成比家庭更大的群体，以捕猎和保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。

For Ehrenreich, rituals of collective joy are as intrinsic to human development as speech.

对埃伦赖希来说，集体欢乐的仪式就像说话一样，是人类发展的内在本质。

More recent experiments by Dunbar and his colleagues have suggested that the capacity of singing together to bond groups of strangers shows

邓巴和他的同事们最近的实验表明，通过一起唱歌将一群陌生人凝聚在一起的能力表明，

it "may have played a role in the evolutionary success of modern humans over their early relatives".

它“可能在现代人类相对于其早期亲属的进化成功中发挥了作用”。

The power of crowds has long fixated religious and secular leaders alike,

群众的力量长期以来都是宗教和世俗领袖们关注的焦点，

who have sought to harness communal energy for their own glorification,

他们试图利用公共能量来美化自己，

or to tame mass gatherings when they start to take on a momentum of their own.

或者当群众集会开始有了自己的势头时，压制他们。

Ehrenreich records the medieval Christian church's long battle to eradicate unruly, ecstatic or immoderate dancing from the congregation.

埃伦赖希记录了中世纪基督教会为根除会众中不守规矩、狂热或不道德的舞蹈而进行的长期斗争。

In later centuries, as the reformation and industrial revolution proceeded, festivals, feast days, sports, revels

在后来的几个世纪里，随着宗教改革和工业革命的进行，各种节日、基督教节日、体育、狂欢，

and ecstatic rituals of countless kinds were outlawed for their tendency to result in drunken, pagan or otherwise ungodly behaviour.

还有无数种类的狂热仪式因其容易导致醉酒、产生异教徒或其他不敬神的的行为而被宣布为非法。

Between the 17th and 20th centuries, there were "literally thousands of acts of legislation introduced which attempted to outlaw carnival and popular festivity from European life,"

在17世纪和20世纪之间，有“几乎上千的立法法案被实施，试图将狂欢节和流行的节日从欧洲生活中取缔，”

wrote Peter Stallybrass and Allon White in The Politics and Poetics of Transgression.

彼得·史泰利布拉斯和阿隆·怀特在《违法的政治和诗学》中写道。