英国卫报:群众的力量(8)（在线收听）

In 1994, parliament passed the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act,

1994年，议会通过了《刑事司法公诉令》，

which outlawed any open air, night-time public congregation around amplified music.

该法令禁止任何伴着大声外放音乐的露天的，夜间的公共集会。

"For this purpose," the act specified, "‘music' includes sounds wholly or predominantly characterised by the emission of a succession of repetitive beats."

“有鉴于此，”该法案明确指明，“音乐包括完全或主要以连续重复的节拍发出为特征的声音。”

Any ambiguity about the target of the legislation was wiped away during the House of Lords debate on the bill.

在上议院对该法案的辩论中，有关该法案目标的任何含糊之处都被消除了。

The Conservative deputy leader of the House, the hereditary peer Earl Ferrers,

保守党下议院副领袖世袭贵族费雷尔伯爵建议做一个修正，

suggested an amendment "which would catch a rave party but would not also catch a Pavarotti concert,

即集会“可以是狂欢派对，但不能赶上帕瓦罗蒂的演唱会，

a barbecue or people having a dance in the early hours of the evening".

可以是一场烧烤，或者是人们在晚上的早些时候举行舞会。”

I do hope, replied another, that they would not risk jailing Pavarotti under the new legislation.

“我真希望，”另一个人回答说，“他们不会冒着在新法律下监禁帕瓦罗蒂的危险。”

For the ravers, what had begun as a transcendent celebration turned into a question of the right to assemble in the first place.

对于狂欢者来说，一开始是一场卓越的庆典，现在却变成了集会权利的问题。

Before the bill passed into law, three elegiac "Kill the Bill" protest-parties took place in 1994, drawing tens of thousands,

在该法案成为法律之前，1994年出现了三个悲情的“废除该法案”的抗议政党，吸引了数万人，

and culminating in October when bare-chested, dreadlocked protesters shook the gates of Downing Street to a soundtrack of whistles, cheers and repetitive beats.

到了10月份，赤裸着胸膛、披着长发的抗议者们在哨声、欢呼声和重复的节奏中，摇晃着唐宁街的大门，使抗议活动达到高潮。

In archival video from that day, a protester clambers to the top of the gates and sits there nonchalantly smoking a fag,

在那天的档案视频中，一名抗议者爬到大门顶端，坐在那里若无其事地抽着一支烟，

while police in short-sleeved shirts look on in horror.

而穿着短袖衬衫的警察惊恐地看着。

It is a telling time capsule, because it is hard to imagine any crowd of protesters getting this close to No 10 ever again.

这是一个强有力的时间胶囊，因为很难想象会有一群抗议者再次如此接近唐宁街10号。

The Criminal Justice Act killed the free party scene, and like Hillsborough, its legacy is still felt to this day.

《刑事司法法案》扼杀了自由派对的风气，就像希尔斯堡惨案一样，它的遗留问题至今仍然存在。

In fact, it was only the beginning of a series of restrictions on free assembly.

事实上，这只是对自由集会的一系列限制的开始。

The past 25 years have been a challenging time for crowds, thanks to the rise of surveillance technology and privatisation of public space.

由于监控技术的兴起和公共空间的私有化，过去的25年对人群来说是一个充满挑战的时期。

During the 1990s, 78% of the Home Office crime prevention budget was spent on implementing CCTV –

在20世纪90年代，内政部预防犯罪预算的78%都用于安装监控，

and a further 500m pounds of public money was spent on it between 2000 and 2006.

在2000年到2006年之间，另外有5亿英镑的公款花在了这个项目上。

London became the most surveilled city in the world for a time, and even today no city outside China has more CCTV per head.

伦敦一度成为世界上最受监控的城市，即便是现在，中国以外的其他城市人均监控数量也没有伦敦多。