英国卫报:群众的力量(10)（在线收听）

While alienation and isolation are certainly hallmarks of modern life, when a crowd is needed, it springs into life.

虽然疏远和孤立无疑是现代生活的特征，但当需要人群时，它就会活跃起来。

The 2009 Iran green revolution, the 2011 Arab Spring, the Occupy movement,

2009年伊朗绿色革命，2011年的占领运动阿拉伯之春，

the Spanish indignados and the 2013 Gezi Park protests in Turkey –

西班牙的愤怒运动和2013年土耳其加济公园抗议活动，

all of these "movements of the squares" saw physical public space unexpectedly replenished with fresh, angry crowds

所有这些“广场运动”让实体的公共空间出乎意料地充满了新鲜的、愤怒的人群，

that had established many of their initial networks and political education via the internet.

他们通过互联网建立了许多最初的网络和政治教育。

"Online inspiration, offline perspiration", as one slogan of the time put it.

正如当时的一句口号所言，“线上启发灵感，线下流下汗水”。

These digitally enhanced tactics took over British streets in the winter of 2010,

这些线上灵感增强了2010年冬天占领英国街道的战术，

when student and anti-cuts protesters came out against the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition's austerity policies and tripling of tuition fees.

当时学生和反对削减开支的抗议者出来反对保守党和自由民主党联合政府的紧缩政策和三倍学费决策。

The police responded with the controversial crowd-control tactic of kettling – essentially imprisoning people outdoors between lines of riot police,

警方采取了备受争议的控制人群的灌壶策略——基本上是把人们堵在防暴警察的防线之间，

without access to food, water, toilets, warm clothing or medical assistance, for hours at a time.

有时连续几个小时不让他们得到食物、水、厕所、暖和的衣服或医疗援助。

Kettling worked against the student protesters on several fronts, dampening their spirits,

灌壶策略在几个方面对抗议学生起到了作用，打击了他们的情绪，

disincentivising future protests, riling up some to violence and thus delivering the government the PR victory they needed.

抑制了未来抗议活动，激怒一些人走向暴力，从而实现政府所需的公关胜利。

"Is not the point of a kettle that it brings things to the boil?"

“水壶的作用不就是把东西烧开吗？”

David Lammy MP asked Theresa May, then the home secretary, at the time.

议员大卫·拉米问时任内政大臣的特雷莎·梅。

But it also radicalised many of them, precisely because they had had their freedom to move restricted,

但是它也使他们中的很多人变得激进，准确来说是因为他们的行动自由受到了限制，

pushing them to direct action tactics in defiance of the tactics proposed by the leaders of the National Union of Students.

迫使他们无视全国学生联合会领导人提出的策略，而采取直接的行动策略。