美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国起诉六名俄罗斯情报官员 涉嫌策划一系列网络攻击（在线收听）

Six Russian intelligence officers are facing federal charges in connection with a series of high-profile and destructive cyberattacks. The charges detail hacks targeting the 2017 French elections and the 2018 Winter Olympics, among others. NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas is here to tell us more.

六名俄罗斯情报官员因一系列引人注目的破坏性网络攻击而面临美国联邦指控。指控详细说明了针对2017年法国大选和2018年冬奥会以及其他活动的黑客攻击。NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯将带来详细报道。

Hi, Ryan.

你好，瑞安。

RYAN LUCAS, BYLINE: Hi there.

瑞安·卢卡斯连线：你好。

SHAPIRO: First, what do we know about the defendants and what they've been charged with?

夏皮罗：首先，我们对被告有何了解，他们遭指控的罪名为何？

LUCAS: The Justice Department says that these six defendants are all current or former officers with Russia's military intelligence agency. That's the GRU. It's the same agency that was behind the hacks in the 2016 U.S. election. Now, there's no allegation in this indictment of any hacking tied to the 2020 vote, the one in a couple of weeks. The defendants in this instance face seven counts in all. Those include hacking conspiracy, wire fraud, computer fraud and identity theft. And this is for a really stunning string of cyberattacks over the past five years. U.S. officials say this is the single-most disruptive and destructive series of cyberattacks that have ever been attributed to just one group.

卢卡斯：美国司法部表示，这六名被告都是俄罗斯军事情报局的现任或前任官员。该情报局是俄军总参谋部情报总局（亦称格勒乌，GRU）。就是黑客攻击2016年美国大选的幕后黑手。起诉书没有指控任何与2020年投票有关的黑客攻击，投票将于几周后展开。本案被告共面临七项罪名。其中包括黑客阴谋、电信诈骗、电脑诈骗和身份盗窃。这涉及过去五年一系列令人震惊的网络攻击。美国官员表示，这是有史以来最具破坏性和毁灭性的一系列网络攻击，而这些攻击都是由一个组织发起的。

SHAPIRO: What were those attacks? Tell us about them.

夏皮罗：那些攻击情况如何？请说明一下。

LUCAS: Well, it's a long list. It includes hacks in 2015 and 2016 that targeted Ukraine's power grid. Those knocked more than 200,000 customers offline at one point. Or as one U.S. official said today, it turned out the lights and turned off the heat in the middle of an Eastern European winter. There's also a devastating attack known as NotPetya that began in Ukraine and spread across the globe that crippled companies and industries and hospitals. It caused billions of dollars in damages, including here in the U.S. There are hacks targeting the investigations by British and international authorities into the use of a Russian nerve agent to poison a former Russian spy in the U.K.

卢卡斯：名单很长。其中包括2015年和2016年针对乌克兰电网的黑客攻击。这些攻击一度让20多万名用户掉线。或者如一位美国官员所说，在东欧的冬季关掉灯和取暖器。起诉书还提到了一场毁灭性攻击NotPetya，这起攻击始于乌克兰，随后蔓延到全球各地，导致公司、工业和医院陷入瘫痪。包括美国在内，这起攻击在全球造成了数十亿美元的损失。此外，还有针对英国和国际机构所进行调查的黑客攻击，这些机构在调查一名前俄罗斯间谍在英国遭俄罗斯神经毒剂毒害一事。

SHAPIRO: That was the episode involving the spy Sergei Skripal and a few others, right? Each of these incidents has been widely reported on their own. It's interesting to see all of these people tied together with all of them.

夏皮罗：刚才提到的间谍是谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔和其他几个人，对吧？这些事件都曾被广泛报道。值得注意的是，所有这些人被联系起来。

LUCAS: Exactly right. And there's actually even more in the indictment. There are cyberattacks that targeted the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. And then there's the hack and leak operation against the 2017 French elections that targeted the political party of France's now-President Emmanuel Macron. So it is really quite a list.

卢卡斯：完全正确。起诉书中还有更多内容。有针对2018年韩国冬奥会的网络攻击。还有针对2017年法国大选的黑客攻击和泄密行动，目标是法国现任总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙所在政党。因此，名单真的相当长。

SHAPIRO: Any insight into why the defendants allegedly chose those targets?

夏皮罗：至于被告为何会选择这些目标，我们了解到了哪些信息？

LUCAS: The Justice Department says that all of these hacks furthered Russia's interest, furthered Russia's geopolitical aims. You look at Ukraine — Russia has been in a grinding war with the government there in the east. In the 2018 Olympics, Russian athletes couldn't compete under the country's flag because of a massive doping scandal. In the case of the nerve agent poisoning, British and international authorities had pinned the blame for that attack on the Kremlin. And in the case of France's elections, the operation there fits into Russia's geopolitical goals. Now, the head of the Justice Department's national security division, John Demers, said today that Russia stands alone in the sort of destructive cyberattacks that its agents conduct. Here's a bit of what he said.

卢卡斯：美国司法部表示，所有黑客攻击都有利于俄罗斯的利益，并推进了俄罗斯的地缘政治目标。俄罗斯一直在乌克兰东部与乌克兰政府鏖战。在2018年奥运会上，俄罗斯运动员因为大规模的兴奋剂丑闻而无法在俄罗斯国旗下参赛。在神经毒剂中毒事件中，英国和国际机构将这一袭击归咎于克里姆林宫。就法国的选举而言，相关行动符合俄罗斯的地缘政治目标。美国司法部国家安全部门负责人约翰·德默斯今天表示，俄罗斯在其特工进行的破坏性网络攻击中独树一帜。以下是他所说。

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JOHN DEMERS: No country has weaponized its cyber capabilities as maliciously and irresponsibly as Russia, wantonly causing unprecedented collateral damage to pursue small, tactical advantages and fits of spite.

约翰·德默斯：没有哪个国家像俄罗斯那样恶意和不负责任地将其网络能力武器化，肆意造成前所未有的附带损害，以追求小的、战术上的优势和一时的刁难。

SHAPIRO: So, Ryan, these defendants are presumably still in Russia and not in U.S. custody. What does that mean about next steps for this case?

夏皮罗：瑞安，这些被告现在可能还在俄罗斯，并没有被美国羁押。这对本案的下一步行动意味着什么？

LUCAS: Well, none of these men are in U.S. custody. You're right with that. And it is unlikely that any of them will ever face trial here in the United States. One of them actually is already facing charges in the U.S. He was charged by special counsel Robert Mueller in connection with Russia's hacking in the 2016 election. So there is a big question of just how effective bringing charges like these are. But Justice Department officials say it's important to put the weight of the U.S. government behind these sorts of allegations. It helps expose what hackers are up to and the methods that they use. It also makes clear to the international community what Russia is doing. And while it may not be as satisfying as seeing the defendants in court, U.S. officials say it is still a valuable thing to do.

卢卡斯：这些人都没有被美国拘留。你说得没错。他们中的任何人都不太可能在美国接受审判。其中一人实际上已经在美国面临指控。他被特别检察官罗伯特·穆勒指控与俄罗斯黑客攻击2016年美国大选有关。因此，重要的问题是，提起这种指控到底有多有效。但司法部官员表示，重要的是要让美国政府支持这些指控。这有助于揭露黑客的计划以及他们所用的方法。同时向国际社会表明俄罗斯在做什么。虽然这可能不如让被告接受审判那样令人满意，但美国官员说，这仍然是一件有价值的事情。

SHAPIRO: NPR's Ryan Lucas, thank you.

夏皮罗：以上是NPR新闻的瑞安·卢卡斯带来的报道，谢谢你。

LUCAS: Thank you.

卢卡斯：谢谢你。