美国国家公共电台 NPR 英国与欧盟达成脱欧后自由贸易协议（在线收听）

The U.K. government has agreed to a post-Brexit free trade deal with the European Union with just a week to go before a New Year's Eve deadline. We are expecting very shortly to hear from British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who was a key campaigner for Brexit during the landmark referendum 4 1/2 years ago.

在新年前夕的最后期限前一周，英国政府与欧盟达成脱欧后自由贸易协议。我们期待稍后会听到英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊的讲话，在4年半前具有里程碑意义的英国脱欧公投期间，他曾是英国脱欧运动的关键领导者。

We want to turn to NPR's Frank Langfitt in London. He has covered the entire Brexit saga and joins us for this moment. Good morning, Frank.

下面我们来连NPR新闻驻伦敦记者弗兰克·朗菲特。他报道了整场英国脱欧大戏，现在他将和我们连线。早上好，弗兰克。

FRANK LANGFITT, BYLINE: Good morning, David.

弗兰克·朗菲特连线：早上好，大卫。

GREENE: Well, it feels like we're there.

格林：就好像我们在那里。

LANGFITT: It is. Actually, we're just watching the press conference in Brussels, the EU actually announcing this, and we are waiting for Prime Minister Johnson. It's — yeah, it's — feel like it's been a long time coming.

朗菲特：是的。实际上，我们刚刚在看布鲁塞尔召开的记者会，欧盟宣布了协议达成的消息，我们正在等待约翰逊首相的讲话。感觉这真是一段漫长的过程。

GREENE: Yeah. How did negotiators finally get across the finish line here?

格林：没错。谈判者最终是如何越过终点线的？

LANGFITT: Well, they had — they actually were — one of the big sticking points, believe it or not, David, was a matter of fish at fishing grounds. And I know that that might sound kind of odd to listeners in America...

朗菲特：双方之间存在一个争执焦点，大卫，信不信由你，焦点是渔场捕鱼问题。我知道美国听众可能会认为这有点奇怪……

GREENE: It all comes down to fish.

格林：归根结底是捕鱼的问题。

LANGFITT: Well, because fish are such a small part of, say, the European — particularly the U.K. economy. But this was also — it's a matter of how much more fish the European fleets could continue to take from U.K. waters. And it actually had a big symbolic value for people here.

朗菲特：对，因为渔业在欧洲，尤其是英国经济中的占比非常小。但这涉及欧洲捕鱼船仍可以从英国水域捕捞多少鱼。这对英国民众来说具有非常大的象征意义。

If you remember back in 2016, the Brexit campaign, the slogan was all about taking back control. And basically, the idea was that this nation-state, the United Kingdom, could be better off without the European Union, making its own rules and things like that. And so it was very hard for the U.K. to be able to say, yes, you can continue to take fish out of our waters. But in the end, the U.K. did agree to some things for the European Union, and that seems to have gotten it over the line today.

如果你还记得，2016年时英国脱欧运动的口号都与夺回控制权有关。基本上，当时人们的想法是，离开欧盟后，英国可以制定自己的规则和诸如此类的事情，因此这个国家会过得更好。因此，英国很难同意欧盟继续从其水域捕鱼。但最终，英国确实同意了欧盟的一些要求，今天一切似乎都尘埃落定了。

GREENE: But, I mean, this was so much more than symbolism. I mean, this caused such a debate about what to do and what Brexit could mean for the United Kingdom. Do we know what the deal does mean going forward?

格林：但我认为这不仅仅是象征意义。因为这引发了有关该做什么以及脱欧对英国意味着什么的争论。我们知道这项协议意味着什么吗？

LANGFITT: Yeah, we do. We're still waiting. It's apparently 2,000 pages of material.

朗菲特：是的，我们知道。我们仍在等待。因为显然，相关材料有2000页。

GREENE: Wow. Start reading, Frank.

格林：哇。开始读吧，弗兰克。

LANGFITT: And it actually does — it only — but it only covers so much of the economy. What it will allow, we believe, is the U.K. to export to the EU tariff — and quota-free. Well, that's really important to the — for the United Kingdom to be able to do that, to do sort of as frictionless trade as possible.

朗菲特：事实上，协议涵盖的大部分内容为经济问题。我们认为，协议将允许英国向欧盟出口时享受零关税和无配额待遇。对英国来说非常重要的是，能够做到这一点并尽可能地进行无摩擦贸易。

And then in the shorter run, just this week that you and I are talking about, there was real concern if there was a no-deal Brexit, if this all fell apart, you'd see even more chaos at the borders in about seven days when the Brexit transition period ends. Well, we've already gotten a look at what that could look like this week. France c?losed down the Port of Dover effectively and shut down the borders with the U.K. over this coronavirus variant that we've been — coronavirus variant we've been reporting on. And we have thousands and thousands of trucks still stuck on this side of the channel. So there, a no-deal Brexit is a great concern that things would be even worse and Brexit would cause more damage, frankly.

从短期来看，我们本周讨论的是对无协议脱欧的担心，如果一切都崩盘，那在英国脱欧过渡期结束前的这七天，我们会看到更多混乱。可以说我们已经看到了这一周可能出现的情况。法国关闭了多佛港以及与英国的边界，原因是英国出现了冠状病毒变种，我们一直在报道这件事。这导致数成千上万辆卡车被困在英吉利海峡英国一侧。因此，坦率地说，无协议脱欧是令人非常担忧的问题，情况会进一步恶化，英国脱欧也会造成更严重损害。

GREENE: But I just want to be really clear here. I mean, I know you have 2,000 pages to read, so it's going to take a while...

格林：我想明确一下。我知道你有2000页资料要看，所以需要一段时间……

LANGFITT: Sure.

朗菲特：没错。

GREENE: ...To see exactly what's in here. But it is not clear that this will make the U.K. a richer country.

格林：了解里面的具体内容。但目前尚不清楚这是否会使英国成为更富裕的国家。

LANGFITT: No, no, no. Not at all. And I think, David, it's really important for people to understand that, certainly, a lot of economic analysts and trade analysts would say that this deal averts, you know, a real — basically could be a bit of a disaster at the end of the year. But it's not — it's what we would call a very thin deal. It doesn't deal with much with services. It's mostly with trade and products, imports and exports. It's a hard Brexit.

不，当然不。完全不会。大卫，我认为让人们明白这一点非常重要，当然，多名经济分析师和贸易分析师会说，这项协议避免了可能在年底出现的灾难。但我们称之为非常弱的协议。该协议与服务没有太大关系。主要涉及贸易和产品以及进出口。这是硬脱欧。

And economists say even with this deal, per capita income in this country is still going to be reduced, the growth, by about 6.4% over the next 10 years. So many people would say, certainly an economic analyst would say, this was a choice between bad and worse.

经济学家表示，即使达成协议，英国的人均收入仍将在未来10年内减少6.4%。很多人会说，经济分析师肯定会说，这是在较差与更差之间做出的选择。

GREENE: OK, I'm sure we'll be hearing much more from you throughout the day, Frank. Just restating the news, the announcement is taking place as we speak. The U.K. government has reached a post-Brexit deal with the European Union. We'll be following this story.

格林：好，我相信我们一整天都会听到你带来的更多消息，弗兰克。重复一下这条新闻， 这项协议在我们说话时宣布。英国政府已与欧盟达成英国脱欧协议。我们将继续关注这则消息。

NPR's Frank Langfitt for us in London. Frank, thank you so much.

以上是NPR新闻的弗兰克·朗菲特从伦敦带来的报道。弗兰克，非常谢谢你。

LANGFITT: Great to talk, Dave.

朗菲特：很高兴和你连线，大卫。