美国国家公共电台 NPR 阿根廷成为拉美地区首个堕胎合法化国家（在线收听）

In Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, there's a giant domed Congress building that looks a little similar to the one in Washington. That building faces a plaza, and on that plaza, in this morning's very early hours, people were celebrating...

阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯有一座巨大的圆顶建筑——国会大楼，看起来和华盛顿的国会大厦有些相似。这栋楼面对一个广场，今天凌晨，人们在那个广场上进行庆祝……

(CHEERING)

INSKEEP: ...Celebrating because Argentina's Congress had just voted to legalize abortion. Argentina is the first big Latin American country to go so far. NPR's South America correspondent Philip Reeves has been following events and joins us. Philip, good morning.

……庆祝的原因是阿根廷国会刚刚投票支持堕胎合法化。阿根廷是迄今为止首个堕胎合法化的拉美大国。NPR新闻驻南美记者菲利普·里夫斯一直在关注相关事件，现在他将和我们连线。菲利普，早上好。

PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE: Good morning.

早上好。

INSKEEP: What was the scene overnight?

昨晚现场情况为何？

REEVES: Well, that crowd you heard had been there pretty much all night and some from sort of early afternoon yesterday. Many of them were young women. Both sides of this debate were there in force — those in favor wearing green, those against sky blue — divided by iron barriers. And when the vote was announced, you know, the scenes on the those-in-favor side were very emotional. There were tears of joy, singing, dancing. People let off fireworks.

你刚才听到的是人群的欢呼声，人们几乎整晚都待在广场，有些人甚至昨天下午很早时就到了广场。其中多数是年轻女性。法案的支持者和反对者都聚在广场上，支持者身穿绿色衣服，反对者则穿天蓝色衣服，双方被铁栅栏隔开。投票结果宣布后，支持者非常激动。有人流下喜悦的泪水，有人唱歌、跳舞。人们还燃放了烟火。

But it was a hard blow for those who are against this. They'd been there for hours, too. They'd been praying at an altar, an altar set up outside. And they're now, obviously, very sad and in some cases angry because they see this law as legalizing abortion — you know, that legalizes abortion, is a violation of a child's right to life. And some are saying it's unconstitutional and that they'll go on fighting it.

但投票结果对反对者来说是沉重的打击。他们也在广场上呆了好几个小时。显然，他们现在非常难过，有人甚至感到愤怒，因为他们认为堕胎合法化这项法律，是对儿童生命权的侵犯。有些人认为这是违宪行为，他们会继续抗争。

INSKEEP: Yeah, so that iron barrier really visually symbolizing what a divisive issue this has been. But what exactly did Argentina's lawmakers approve?

好，从视觉上来说，铁栅栏象征着这是一个存在严重分歧的问题。具体来说，阿根廷议员批准了什么？

REEVES: Until now, abortion's only been permitted in cases of rape or where the mother's life was seriously at risk. This new law makes abortions legal in the first 14 weeks. Supporters of it say that tens of thousands of Argentine women and girls are hospitalized each year because of unsafe underground abortions and that more than 3,000 women have died in the last few decades because of this. And they hope that this will do a lot to help end that. The president, Alberto Fernandez, is a key supporter of the law. He says abortions will now be safe and legal and free.

目前，只有因强奸致孕或者母亲生命受到严重威胁的情况下，才允许堕胎。这项新法律规定，怀孕14周以内堕胎是合法的。支持者表示，每年有数万名阿根廷女性因为不安全的地下堕胎而住院，过去几十年间，有3000多名女性因此而死亡。他们希望新法有助于终结这一局面。阿根廷总统阿尔韦托·费尔南德斯是这项法律的主要支持者。他表示，堕胎现在将是安全、合法和免费的。

But, you know, Steve, this is — there are bigger sort of historical echoes here. The Catholic Church has wielded huge influence in Latin America for centuries, as you know, and it's still very powerful. Argentina is the birthplace of Pope Francis. The church fought very hard against this, right up to the wire. And the pope himself made his opposition clear, you know, emphasizing this with a last-minute tweet, and the church has lost this fight.

但是，史蒂夫，这涉及更大的历史关联。几个世纪以来，天主教会在拉丁美洲发挥了巨大的影响，现在仍然非常强大。阿根廷是教皇弗朗西斯的出生地。教会一直在竭力抵制，直后最后一刻仍在抗争。而教皇本人也明确表示反对堕胎，他在最后一刻发推强调了他的立场，最终教会输掉了这场斗争。

INSKEEP: How close was the vote?

投票结果有多接近？

REEVES: Well, we thought it was going to be very, very close because there were a couple of wavering senators, and, you know, no one knew which way they'd go. But in the event, it was 38 to 29 with one abstention — so a wider margin than many expected. One reason for that is that we've been around this block before in 2018, when it appeared that a similar bill would be approved, only to fail in the Senate by a small margin. The difference now is that there's a new government in place, and this legislation was one of President Fernandez's campaign promises.

我们原本以为会极为接近，因为有几名参议员一直犹豫不决，没人知道他们最后会做何选择。投票结果为38票支持，29票反对，只有一票弃权，可以说结果比许多人预期的差距更大。其中一个原因是，2018年进行过类似投票，当时一项类似法案似乎会获得批准，结果在参议院以微弱差距失败。不同的是，现在是新一届政府在执政，而这项立法是费尔南德斯总统竞选时的承诺之一。

INSKEEP: Philip, what are the implications of this across Latin America, this huge, traditionally Catholic region that you cover?

菲利普，这对整个拉丁美洲、这个巨大的传统天主教地区有何意义？

REEVES: Well, those who've campaigned — some of them for decades — to secure this change in Argentina, hope that there will now be a sort of ripple effect across the landscape. At the moment, abortion is largely banned in the region, except in cases of rape or where the mother's life is at risk. But it's only legal in a couple of relatively small countries — Uruguay, Guyana and Cuba. So these activists hope that there's going to be a domino effect and it'll energize people, for example, fighting to get abortion removed from the criminal code in Colombia.

为确保阿根廷的这一变化而奔走了数十年的人，希望现在能产生波及整个地区的连锁反应。目前，该地区大部分国家都禁止堕胎，只有强奸致孕或母亲有生命危险才可以堕胎。堕胎只在乌拉圭、圭亚那和古巴等较小国家是合法的。因此，活动人士希望能产生多米诺骨牌效应，而且这将激励人们继续抗争，比如争取让哥伦比亚将堕胎从刑法罪名中删除。

But let's not be, you know, naive about it — in the largest nation, Brazil, there's very unlikely to be any change. The president, Jair Bolsonaro, has said while he's in power, abortion will remain illegal.

但是，我们不要太天真，拉美地区最大的国家巴西不太可能有任何变化。巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗曾表示，只要他还在执政，堕胎就将一直是非法的。

INSKEEP: NPR's Philip Reeves. Thanks so much.

以上是NPR新闻的菲利普·里夫斯带来的报道。非常谢谢你。

REEVES: You're welcome.

不客气。