美国国家公共电台 NPR 担心煽动暴力 推特和脸谱网封禁特朗普账号（在线收听）

President Trump can no longer post messages to Twitter or Facebook. The social media giants have banned him, worried that he could stir up more violence around the country. Trump has reacted by saying he will go elsewhere. But late yesterday, tech companies made it virtually impossible for an alternative popular with Trump supporters to continue to operate.

特朗普总统不能再在推特或脸谱网上发布消息。这两家社交媒体巨头已封禁其账号，原因是担心他会在全美激发更多暴力事件。特朗普的回应是，他将在其他平台发表言论。但昨天晚些时候，科技公司让特朗普支持者喜欢的替代平台几乎无法继续运营。

NPR tech reporter Bobby Allyn is with us now to tell us more. Bobby, thanks for joining us.

NPR新闻的科技记者鲍比·艾林将和我们连线，介绍详细情况。鲍比，谢谢你和我们连线。

BOBBY ALLYN, BYLINE: Of course.

鲍比·艾林连线：不客气。

MARTIN: As we know, President Trump has used social media as his megaphone throughout his presidency, particularly Twitter. How significant is it that Twitter kicked him off the platform?

马丁：我们知道，特朗普总统在整个总统任期内一直将社交媒体当作传声筒，尤其是推特。推特将他踢出这个平台有何意义？

ALLYN: You know, Michel, it's really a watershed moment in the tech world. And to be fair, civil rights groups and disinformation researchers have for years been calling on Twitter to do more to rein Trump in. I mean, he's really had this outsized role in polluting the Internet with falsehoods and misleading claims. But it took a violent insurrection attempt on the nation's capital before Twitter said, OK, enough.

艾林：米歇尔，这相当于科技界的分水岭。公平而言，民权组织和虚假消息研究人员多年来一直呼吁推特采取更多措施控制特朗普。在用谎言和误导性说法污染互联网方面，他起到了巨大作用。但在推特说“好了，够了”之前，特朗普的言论在美国首都引发了一起暴动。

Now, inside Twitter, there's really been this heated debate about the balancing act between censoring the president of the United States and owning up to enabling violence when the president is responsible for it. So now we have Congress, as we just heard Sue talk about, grappling with whether to impeach Trump over this, law enforcement investigating the incident, and now tech companies responding.

在推特内部，有关审查美国总统和承认暴力由总统煽动之间的平衡问题，一直存在激烈的争论。因此，正如我们刚才所听到的苏的报道，国会正在设法确定是否要为此弹劾特朗普，执法部门正在调查这一事件，现在科技公司也作出了回应。

Joan Donovan is an expert on online extremism at Harvard.

琼·多诺万是哈佛大学网络极端主义方面的专家。

JOAN DONOVAN: The reason why we're experiencing this corporate denial of service is because there are really no other levers possible to stop this group of people from reassembling and either trying this again or trying something else that's just as dangerous.

琼·多诺万：我们之所以会遇到这种企业拒绝服务的情况，是因为实在没有其他措施可以阻止这群人再次聚集，再次试图袭击或尝试其他同样危险的事情。

MARTIN: Well, you know, Bobby, as I think everybody knows by now, Trump and his allies say Twitter silencing him is an infringement of free speech. Is there anything to this argument?

马丁：鲍比，我想现在大家都已经知道，特朗普及其盟友称推特让他沉默是对言论自由的侵犯。这个论点有道理吗？

ALLYN: Legally, no. By law, the platforms have complete discretion over what's allowed on their sites. Look; they're private companies, and private companies have rules. But Twitter has become a public town square. And Trump and his supporters, like you said, say Twitter is muzzling him and robbing him of his free speech. And even the ACLU put out a statement saying it should concern us when tech companies de-platform influential speakers only when they're losing power.

艾林：从法律上来说没有。根据法律，平台对其网站上允许的内容有完全的自由裁量权。他们是私营公司，私营公司有规定。是推特已成为公共的城市广场。如你所说，特朗普及其支持者称推特在压制其言论，剥夺其言论自由。就连美国公民自由联盟（简称ACLU）也发表声明称，对于科技公司在有影响力的人物即将失去权力时封禁其账号一事，应该引起我们的担忧。

MARTIN: Well, tell us about this alternative social media app, Parler, which looks a lot like Twitter. But as I understand it, it promises to take the lightest hand when it comes to free speech.

马丁：请介绍一下替社交媒体应用替代品Parler，这个应用看起来和推特很像。但据我所知，其承诺在言论自由问题上采取最轻的措施。

ALLYN: That's right. Yeah, so Parler has become this go-to app for Trump supporters ever since Twitter and Facebook began its crackdown. And on Friday, when Twitter banned Trump, a lot of his supporters say, hey, come on over to Parler. Then Apple and Google made it impossible to download the app on smartphones. And just yesterday, Amazon joined in the crackdown. They announced that it wouldn't host the site anymore starting midnight tonight through its Amazon Web Services. Harvard's Donovan told me that more and more pressure is going to be not just focused on the social media companies, but also on the Web service providers.

艾林：没错。因此，自推特和脸谱网开始打击行动以来，Parler就成了特朗普支持者喜欢的应用。而上周五，推特封禁特朗普后，其很多支持者表示，嘿，来Parler吧。之后，苹果和谷歌相继移除该应用，使其无法下载到智能手机上。就在昨天，亚马逊也加入了打击行动。该公司宣布，从今晚午夜开始，亚马逊网络服务将不再为该网站提供托管服务。哈佛大学的多诺万告诉我，日益增加的压力不仅将集中在社交媒体公司身上，同时也将集中在网络服务提供商身上。

DONOVAN: It's going to be really important that when they make these decisions, they stick and that they don't walk them back once the heat is off.

多诺万：非常重要的是，他们做出这些决定后要坚持下去，热度消失后也不会撤销决定。

ALLYN: Yeah. So — and Parler's CEO says, you know, he is scrambling to come up with another way to keep its site alive. But, you know, Michel, big picture — if Parler is crippled, there are a bunch of other smaller sites that cater to right-wing provocateurs. And one of those may very well be, you know, the site where Trump supporters plan their next mass gathering.

艾林：好。Parler的首席执行官表示，他正努力想出另一种方法，以保持网站的活力。但是，米歇尔，如果Parler被削弱，还有一堆其他较小的网站迎合右翼挑衅者。其中一个网站很可能成为特朗普支持者计划下一次大规模集会的地方。

MARTIN: That was NPR's Bobby Allyn. Bobby, thank you.

马丁：以上是NPR新闻的鲍比·艾林带来的报道。鲍比，谢谢你。

ALLYN: Thanks, Michel.

艾林：谢谢你，米歇尔。