新闻周刊:特朗普是如何打出(白人)种族牌并重塑民主党的(1)（在线收听）

By declaring Mexican immigrants “rapists” on the first day of his campaign, he promoted an us-vs.-them worldview and found a political vein other politicians had not dared tap—or, if they had, only gingerly: whiteness. Trump won over millions of Americans whose attitudes could be summed up in the words of one supporter after his election: “He said things that people were thinking, not saying,” Rhode Island’s Eileen Grossman told USA Today.

特朗普在竞选的第一天就宣布墨西哥移民多为“强奸犯”，他宣扬了“我们对抗他们”的世界观，并发掘了其他政客们不敢明说的政治脉络,即赢得白人的支持——或者，如果其他政客敢于触及，也只是小心翼翼。特朗普赢得了数百万美国人的支持，这些人的态度可以用特朗普当选后一位支持者的话来概括：“他说的是人们在想的，而不是说的，” 罗德岛州的艾琳·格罗斯曼在接收《今日美国》采访时表示。

What they were “not saying,” of course, had mostly to do with race. And Trump has said quite a bit over the past two years, from defending the “very fine people” at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, to disparaging the “shithole countries” to shutting down the government and declaring a national emergency over an “invasion” of migrants that could “infest our country.”

当然，他们“没有说”的大多与种族有关。而且特朗普在过去的两年里，在弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔举行“白人至上”集会，为“非常优秀的人民”辩护；大骂“粪坑国家”；关闭政府，并宣布全国进入紧急状态，因为移民的“入侵”可能“感染我们的国家”。

The 45th president has changed the way America talks about race—with profound consequences for the public (hate crimes spiked his first year in office) and both political parties. Republicans and Democrats are grappling with whiteness as an organizing element in American politics. Trump has been clear about his intentions. “I didn’t need to do this,” he said as he declared a national emergency over the wall. “The only reason we’re up here talking about this is because of the election.”

这位第45任总统改变了美国谈论种族问题的方式，对公众和两党都产生了深远的影响（仇恨犯罪在他执政的第一年达到顶峰）。共和党人和民主党人都在努力将白人作为美国政治中的一个组织元素。特朗普已经明确了自己的意图。“我不需要这么做，”他一边说，一边越过障碍墙宣布全国进入紧急状态。“我们在这里讨论这个问题的唯一原因是选举。”

Trump’s strategy to rally white Americans poses significant challenges for both parties. For Republicans, it further alienates an increasingly diverse electorate. The number of white evangelicals and white voters without college degrees—the backbone of the GOP—is shrinking, while the number of African-Americans and Latinos is growing. Trump’s 2016 victory was narrow—he lost the popular vote. And the party’s midterms losses suggest that his all-out racial messaging strategy is alienating college--educated white suburbanites. According to Republican strategist John -Feehery, Trump now needs to convince them that “he is not the racist the media and Democrats say he is.”

川普团结美国白人的策略对两党都构成了重大挑战。对共和党人来说，这进一步疏远了日益多元化的选民。白人福音派和没有大学文凭的白人选民（共和党的中坚力量）正在减少，而非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人却在增加。特朗普在2016年以微弱优势获胜——但输掉了普选。共和党中期选举的失利表明，他的全面种族信息战略正在疏远受过大学教育的郊区白人。共和党策略师约翰-菲赫里表示，特朗普现在需要让他们相信，“他不是媒体和民主党人所说的种族主义者。”

But Democrats face an even thornier problem than Republicans. The party has defined itself in opposition to Trump and his small-tent agenda, but in doing so, it is promoting a vision -equally rooted in race and identity. Leaders have organized around key parts of their base—women, African-Americans, LGBTQ people—and the issues that have kept these groups from fully participating in American society, including abortion restrictions, racism in the criminal justice system and a ban on transgender troops in the military. Of the identities, race is the broadest and most visceral, the legacy of slavery passed down through the decades in white guilt and black pain.

但民主党人面临的问题比共和党人更棘手。共和党把自己定义为反对特朗普和他的小帐篷议程，但这样做是在推动一种同样植根于种族和身份的愿景。领导者们围绕着他们的核心群体——女性、非裔美国人、性少数群体——以及阻止这些群体完全投入美国社会的问题，包括堕胎限制，刑事司法系统中的种族主义，以及禁止军队中的跨性别士兵。在这些身份认同中，种族是最广泛、最发自内心的，几十年来，奴隶制的遗留在白人的内疚和黑人的痛苦中代代相传。

When a photo surfaced from the 1980s medical school yearbook of Virginia’s Democratic governor, Ralph Northam, showing one person in blackface and another dressed as a member of the Ku Klux Klan, party leaders called on him to resign (he refused but vowed to dedicate the remainder of his term to racial equity). A number of declared presidential hopefuls, including Senators Kamala Harris and Elizabeth Warren, have recently endorsed some form of reparations for African-Americans, a controversial proposal that Democratic presidential hopefuls opposed just three years ago in the 2016 campaign.

20世纪80年代，弗吉尼亚州民主党州长拉尔夫·诺瑟姆的医学院年鉴上出现的一张照片有一名黑脸男子和另一名装扮成三K党成员的男子，民主党领导人要求拉尔夫辞职（他拒绝了，但发誓要在余下的任期内致力于种族平等）。包括参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯和伊丽莎白·沃伦在内的多位已宣布参选的总统候选人，最近都支持对非洲裔美国人进行某种形式的赔偿，就在三年前的2016年大选中，民主党总统候选人还反对一项有争议的提议，而这项提议就在三年前的2016年大选中还遭到了民主党总统候选人的反对。