新闻周刊:特朗普是如何打出(白人)种族牌并重塑民主党的(4)（在线收听）

White identity, he argues, is bogus because it doesn’t stem from the kind of historical discrimination suffered by women, gays and people of color. In other words, whites have always and still do dominate the nation, economically and politically, so to proclaim one’s white identity is to celebrate a supremacist status.

他认为，白人身份是虚假的，因为它并非源自女性、同性恋和有色人种所遭受的那种历史歧视。换句话说，无论是在经济上还是政治上，白人一直并仍然主导着这个国家，因此，宣布自己的白人身份就是庆祝自己的至上主义地位。

Although the issue failed to draw significant attention -until Trump was elected, the population of white identifiers has -remained relatively stable for the past nine years, based on American National Election Studies data and other sources analyzed by Jardina. (She says there is insufficient national data on the issue before that time). Two major events, however, combined to stoke their sense of lost power: the election of the first black president in 2008, followed by the heavily publicized results of the 2010 census, which found America at a demographic tipping point. About half of all U.S. births were minorities, analysts said, putting the country on track to become “majority-minority” by the 2040s.

尽管在特朗普当选之前，这个问题没有引起足够的关注，但根据美国全国选举研究的数据和贾迪纳分析的其他来源，白人身份标识的数量在过去9年一直相对稳定。（她说，在此之前，有关这个问题的全国性数据不足。）。然而，两件大事加在一起，加剧了他们失去权力的感觉：2008年美国第一任黑人总统当选，紧接着是2010年人口普查结果的大肆宣传，结果发现美国正处于人口结构的转折点。分析人士说，美国出生的人口中约有一半是少数族裔，这使美国有望在本世纪40年代成为“少数族裔占多数”的国家。

While some experts disagreed with that prediction—arguing that the census counted some mixed-race people as nonwhite who may see themselves as white—the narrative was fodder for conservative media, in particular Fox News, which repeatedly seared it into the public imagination. “Census Shows White Babies Now the Minority,” a website headline read. Google searches for “white privilege” and “white genocide” began rising in 2012 and are now at “unprecedented heights,” according to Eric Kauffmann, professor of politics at Birkbeck College, University of London, who recently published White Shift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities.

尽管一些专家不同意这一预测——他们认为人口普查将一些混血儿统计为非白人，他们可能认为自己是白人——但这种说法为保守派媒体提供了素材，尤其是不断地让公众陷入想象的《福克斯新闻》。“人口普查显示，白人婴儿现在是少数，”网站新闻标题如此写道。伦敦大学伯克贝克学院政治学教授埃里克·考夫曼表示，谷歌对“白人特权”和“白人种族灭绝”的搜索量从2012年开始上升，现在达到了“前所未有的高度”。考夫曼最近出版了《白人的转变:民粹主义、移民和白人占多数的未来》一书。

In addition to the perceived threat of a growing minority population, whites without a college education faced a very real problem: death. Those with no more than a high school diploma were dying off at rates 30 percent higher than African-Americans, many to “deaths of despair,” as Princeton professors Anne Case and Angus Deaton, a Nobel Prize–winning economist, put it in 2015, attributable to drugs, alcohol and suicide.

除了少数族裔人口不断增长的威胁，没有受过大学教育的白人还面临着一个非常现实的问题:死亡。那些高中学历以下的人的死亡率比非裔美国人高30%，正如普林斯顿大学教授安妮?凯斯和诺贝尔经济学奖得主安格斯?迪顿在2015年所言，许多人死于“绝望的死亡”，原因在于毒品、酒精和自杀。

Underlining the mortality rates was economic ruin. Over the last 30 years, wages have stagnated, and the manufacturing sector that fueled the Midwest has been gutted: About a quarter of Americans worked in manufacturing jobs in 1980; as of 2016, just 8.5 percent did. If those jobs have been “replaced,” it is with low-wage service work. Meanwhile, two-thirds of the country is without the best ticket out of that economy: a college degree.

经济崩溃强调死亡率。在过去的30年里，工资水平停滞不前，为中西部地区提供动力的制造业受到重创：1980年，大约四分之一的美国人从事制造业工作；截至2016年，只有8.5%的人从事制造业工作。如果这些工作被“取代”，那就是低工资的服务工作。与此同时，美国有三分之二的人没有拿到走出经济困境的最好门票：大学文凭。