新闻周刊:特朗普女儿伊万卡获最高机密安全许可引质疑(2)（在线收听）

Bradley Moss, a partner at the Washington, D.C., law office of Mark S. Zaid, P.C., and an expert whose specialties include national security and security clearance law, told Newsweek that top-secret clearance did not necessarily give the couple free-rein access to America’s most potent secrets.

布拉德利·莫斯是华盛顿特区的一位律师事务所合伙人，在接受《新闻周刊》采访时，这位专长国家安全和安全审查法律的专家表示，最高机密审查并不一定能让这对夫妇自由获取美国最强大的秘密。

The status “does not mean you have a need to know all information classified up to that level,” Moss said. “Your specific need-to-know information will be based upon your particular work responsibilities and requirements. Classified information is classified information, whether it concerns foreign affairs, economic matters or military matters.”

莫斯说，这一状态“并不意味着你有必要知道所有机密信息。”“需要了解的具体信息将基于特定工作职责和需求。机密信息是有等级的，无论是外交、经济还是军事问题。”

While top secret is, technically, the very highest level of classification, Moss emphasized that there were additional “compartmentalized levels of access” sometimes put above top secret, known as Sensitive Compartmented Information and Special Access Programs.

虽然从技术上讲，绝密是最高级别的分类，但莫斯强调，有时在绝密之上还有额外的“划分访问级别”，即敏感的划分信息和特殊的访问程序。

Some observers have questioned whether Kushner and Ivanka Trump even need such high-level clearance. But the nuanced day-to-day business of the White House means that some senior officials must be able to handle classified information.

一些观察人士质疑库什纳和伊万卡·特朗普是否需要这样的高层批准。但白宫微妙的日常事务意味着，一些高级官员必须能够处理机密信息。

Moss explained, “The press secretary needs to be able to sit in on and provide input on policy matters, including with respect to foreign policy. Senior advisers with 'walk-in' privileges to the Oval Office need to be able to execute that privilege without concern for what particular meeting might be going on or documents might be visible at the time.

莫斯解释说:“新闻秘书需要能够旁听并就政策问题提供意见，包括外交政策。拥有进入美国总统办公室特权的高级顾问需要能够行使这一特权，而不必担心特定的会议可能正在进行，或者文件可能会在那个时候被看到。

“Ultimately, the level of access to which you are granted eligibility is supposed to be based upon the specific requirements of your position,” Moss said.

“最终，你被授予资格的访问级别应该基于职位的具体要求，”莫斯表示。

Regardless of their requirements, Aileen B. Xenakis—an associate counsel at Washington, D.C., law firm Bigley Ranish, LLP, which specializes in security clearance matters—told Newsweek, “Politics—whichever side of the aisle one is on—have no business being tied up in the security clearance process.”

艾琳·B·谢纳基斯是华盛顿特区的一名专门处理安全许可事宜助理律师在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示，不管他们的要求如何，“无论是哪一方的政客，都不应该被牵扯到安全审查过程中。”

“The American public needs to be able to trust in the integrity of the adjudications process,” Xenakis added. “We all need to feel secure that objective professionals will adjudicate these cases based on the facts and the governing policy—not based on any bias, or on an outlier source like family connections or even on the undue influence of, for example, a powerful commander insisting that someone particularly skilled needs to get back to work ASAP.

“美国公众需要能够信任裁决过程的完整性，”谢纳基斯补充道。“我们都需要确信，客观的专业人士将根据事实和管理政策来裁决这些案件——不是基于任何偏见，也不是基于像家庭关系这样的异常来源，甚至不是基于例如，一个有权势的指挥官坚持要求某个特别有技能的人尽快回去工作。”