纽约时报 日益增加的排放形势依然严峻(2)（在线收听）

Separately, the World Meteorological Organization reported on Monday

另外，世界气象组织周一报道，

that emissions of three major greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide —

自18世纪中期以来，三大主要温室气体——二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮——

have all swelled in the atmosphere since the mid-18th century.

一直在不断涌入大气之中。

“We are sleepwalking toward a climate catastrophe and need to wake up and take urgent action,”

“我们正在梦游般地走向气候灾难，我们必须醒过来立即采取行动，

said Alden Meyer, director of policy and strategy at the Union of Concerned Scientists,

周二，报告发表后，忧思科学家联盟政策战略主任奥尔登·迈耶

on a phone call with reporters Tuesday after the publication of the report.

在电话采访中对记者说道。

Even if every country fulfills its current pledges under the Paris Agreement —

即便每个国家都履行其在巴黎协定中许下的承诺——

and many, including the United States, Brazil and Australia, are currently not on track to do so —

更何况包括美国、巴西和澳大利亚在内的许多国家目前并没有走上这样的轨道——

the Emissions Gap Report found average temperatures are

排放差距报告发现，

on track to rise by 3.2 degrees Celsius from the baseline average temperature at the first of the industrial age.

全球平均气温仍将在工业时代初期的平均基线温度的基础上上升3.2℃。

According to scientific models, that kind of temperature rise sharply increases the likelihood of extreme weather events,

科学模型显示，类似这样的上升节奏会大幅增加极端天气的可能性，

the accelerated melting of glaciers and swelling seas — all endangering the lives of billions of people.

以及冰川加速融化，海平面上升的可能性——所有这些都将危及数十亿人的生命。

The Paris Agreement resolved to hold the increase in global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius, or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit;

《巴黎协定》决心将全球气温上升幅度控制在远低于2℃，或3.6℉的范围内；

last year, a United Nations-backed panel of scientists said the safer limit was to keep it to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

去年，联合国支持的某科学家小组表示，更安全的上限应该是1.5℃。

There are many ways to reduce emissions: quitting the combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, the world’s dirtiest fossil fuel;

减排的方法有很多：停止燃烧化石燃料，尤其是停止燃烧煤炭这种全世界污染能力最强的化石燃料；

switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power;

换成太阳能和风能等可再生能源；

moving away from gas- and diesel-guzzling cars; and halting deforestation.

停止使用消耗汽油或柴油的汽车；停止砍伐森林。

In fact, many countries are headed in the wrong direction.

事实上，许多国家努力的方向都没对。

A separate analysis made public this month looked at how much coal,

本月公布的另一份分析报告研究了

oil and natural gas the world’s nations have said they expect to produce and sell through 2030.

各国希望在2030年前完成的煤炭、石油和天然气的生产量及销量。

If all those fossil fuels were ultimately extracted and burned, the report found,

报告发现，如果所有这些化石燃料都完成了开采和燃烧，

countries would collectively miss their climate pledges, as well as the global 2 degree Celsius target,

各国将集体达不到他们承诺的气候目标，以及全球温度升幅小于2℃的目标，

by an even larger margin than previously thought.

其差距也会比之前预测的还要大。

A number of countries around the world, including Canada and Norway,

该报告指出，包括加拿大和挪威在内的许多国家

have made plans to reduce emissions at home while expanding fossil-fuel production for sale abroad, that report noted.

制定的都是一边减少国内温室气体排放量，一边提高供出口的化石燃料的生产指标的计划。

“At a global level, it doesn’t add up,” said Michael Lazarus,

“就全球形势来看，这样做根本就不合常理，”

a lead author of the report and director of the Stockholm Environment Institute’s United States Center.

报告的主要作者，斯德哥尔摩环境研究所美国中心主任迈克尔·拉撒路说道。

To date, he noted, discussions on whether and how to curb the production of fossil fuels have been almost entirely absent from international climate talks.

他指出，迄今为止，国际气候谈判中几乎从未出现过有关是否以及如何限制化石燃料生产的讨论。