美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国向境内30多万名委内瑞拉公民提供临时避难人员身份（在线收听）

The Biden administration is taking a big step to allow Venezuelans fleeing conditions in their homeland to remain here in the U.S. even if they're in the country illegally. A humanitarian and economic crisis has caused millions of people to flee the socialist nation in South America. And the administration announced this afternoon that more than 300,000 Venezuelans currently undocumented living in the U.S. will be granted what is known as Temporary Protected Status, TPS, for 18 months. Here with more is NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordoez.

拜登政府向前迈出重大一步，允许逃离祖国的委内瑞拉公民留在美国，非法入境者也包括在内。人道主义和经济危机导致数百万人逃离南美洲社会主义国家委内瑞拉。美国政府今天下午宣布，目前居住在美国的30多万委内瑞拉人将获得所谓的“临时保护身份”（简称TPS），为期18个月。NPR新闻驻白宫记者弗朗科·奥德内兹将带来详细报道。

Hey there.

你好。

FRANCO ORDOEZ, BYLINE: Hey, Mary Louise.

弗朗科·奥德内兹连线：你好，玛丽·路易斯。

KELLY: What else do we know about how this would work?

凯利：就这一计划的运作而言，我们还了解到哪些信息？

ORDOEZ: Well, temporary protected status is granted to those from countries ravaged by natural disasters or war and allows those here to live and work in the United States until conditions improve back home. Now, despite having some of the world's largest oil reserves, Venezuela has actually fallen into a life-threatening economic and humanitarian crisis. More than 5 million Venezuelans have fled the country in search of food, medicine and shelter. And that's why Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas is granting TPS to an estimated 320,000 Venezuelans provided they are already in the country now. The Biden administration says the conditions prevent those Venezuelans from returning home safely.

奥德内兹：来自遭受自然灾害或战争蹂躏的国家的公民可享有临时保护身份，在本国国内条件改善之前，他们可以在美国生活和工作。虽然委内瑞拉拥有世界上最大的石油储量，但该国实际上已陷入危及生命的经济和人道主义危机。为了寻求食物、药品和住所，500多万名委内瑞拉人逃离该国。这就是美国国土安全部长亚历杭德罗·马约卡斯向约32万名目前在美国境内的委内瑞拉人提供临时保护身份的原因。拜登政府表示，目前的情况使这些委内瑞拉人无法安全回家。

KELLY: This is a dramatic shift in policy from the previous administration. President Trump and his team, of course, were focused on reducing immigration. Is this a surprise from the Biden administration?

凯利：与上届政府相比，这是巨大的政策转变。当然，特朗普总统及其团队专注于减少移民。这是拜登政府带来的惊喜吗？

ORDOEZ: I would not call it a surprise. Biden is, you know, essentially carrying out a promise he made on the campaign trail to shield these Venezuelans from deportation. But it is a big change. For much of the last four years, as you know, the Trump administration sought to tighten immigration. They worked to terminate this program from immigrants from countries like El Salvador and Honduras and Haiti but was hampered by the courts. But Benjamin Gedan, who was the top adviser on Venezuela in the Obama White House — he said there has long been bipartisan support for permitting Venezuelans in the United States to remain in the country legally.

奥德内兹：我不认为这是惊喜。拜登实际上是在履行他在竞选行动中所作的承诺，即保护这些委内瑞拉人不被驱逐出境。但这是一个很大的变化。如你所知，过去四年大部分时间里，特朗普政府都在试图收紧移民政策。他们试图终止萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯和海地等国的移民计划，但因法院阻止而未能实现。但曾在奥巴马政府任白宫委内瑞拉问题最高顾问的本杰明·格丹表示，长期以来，两党都支持允许委内瑞拉人合法留在美国。

BENJAMIN GEDAN: Venezuela is a failed state in every single measure. There's simply not enough food to go around. Hospitals had collapsed before the pandemic. You have a repressive dictatorship and extraordinary levels of violence in the street. You have pro-government militias attacking protesters. It's just inhumane to send people back into those conditions.

本杰明·格丹：从各个方面来说，委内瑞拉都是个失败的国家。该国根本没有足够的食物供应。在疫情爆发之前，委内瑞拉的医院体系已经瘫痪。委内瑞拉处于镇压性的独裁统治之下，街上还会发生非常严重的暴力事件。该国亲政府的民兵会袭击抗议者。将人们送回那种环境是不人道的做法。

ORDOEZ: You know, Mary Louise, and as we have reported, there has also been, you know, great international support, especially in the region from places like Colombia.

奥德内兹：玛丽·路易斯，我们此前报道过，委内瑞拉移民得到了国际社会的广泛支持，尤其是哥伦比亚等地。

KELLY: I have to ask about one other factor, which is politics. The former President Trump was very popular with Venezuelans in South Florida, a place where President Biden struggled in the 2020 election. Are politics involved in this decision?

凯利：我还想询问另外一个因素——政治。前总统特朗普在生活于佛罗里达州南部的委内瑞拉人之间非常受欢迎，拜登总统在2020年的选举中曾在那里艰难地寻求支持。这个决定涉及政治吗？

ORDOEZ: Yeah, I think there's no doubt about it. It's why, you know, President Biden made this promise. Democrats did not do as well as they hoped in South Florida, and part of that was because how successful Trump was with Venezuelan voters. Fernand Amandi — he's a Miami-based Democratic political strategist and pollster. He said this move could actually open up a new relationship for Biden with an electorate that largely supported Trump in 2020.

奥德内兹：涉及，我想这是毫无疑问的。这就是拜登总统做出这一承诺的原因。民主党在佛罗里达州南部的表现并不如他们所希望的那样好，部分原因是特朗普在委内瑞拉选民中取得了极大的成功。费尔南多·阿曼迪是迈阿密的民主党政治战略家和民调专家。他表示，此举可能使拜登与2020年支持特朗普的选民开启一种新关系。

FERNAND AMANDI: This was a group of Venezuelan American voters. You know, Trump really went after them, romanced them during the four years of his presidency but couldn't quite close the deal on offering permanent TPS, which is what the community desperately was looking for. Biden did make good on that promise.

费尔南多·阿曼迪：这是一群委内瑞拉裔美国选民。特朗普努力地得到他们的支持，在他四年的总统任期里和他们保持“甜蜜关系”，但却无法在提供永久性临时保护身份的问题上却达成协议，而这正是社区迫切需要的。拜登确实兑现了这个承诺。

ORDOEZ: You know, former President Trump — you know, he did issue very strong sanctions against the Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro. But Trump didn't grant them TPS, and as Fernand was just noting, it's something Venezuelan American voters really wanted. So this could have an impact on the politics in a very important state and obviously...

奥德内兹：前总统特朗普确实对委内瑞拉领导人马杜罗实施了非常严厉的制裁。但特朗普没有为委内瑞拉人提供临时保护身份，而正如费尔南多所说，临时保护身份才是委内瑞拉裔美国选民真正想要的。因此，这可能会对一个非常重要的州的政治产生影响，显然……

KELLY: OK.

凯利：好。

ORDOEZ: ...A huge impact on the lives of these Venezuelans.

奥德内兹：也会对这些委内瑞拉人的生活产生巨大影响。

KELLY: Thank you, Franco. NPR's Franco Ordoez.

凯利：谢谢你，弗朗科。以上是NPR新闻的弗朗科·奥德内兹带来的报道。