美国国家公共电台 NPR 贪污案定罪被推翻 巴西前总统卢拉重获竞选资格（在线收听）

Brazil's far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, is under growing pressure over his response to the pandemic. Now he's facing trouble of a different kind. A Supreme Court judge has ruled Bolsonaro's political nemesis can run against him in next year's election. Former leftist president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was banned from running in 2018 because he was convicted of corruption. But this new ruling means da Silva, widely known as Lula, could have a shot at getting his old job back.

巴西极右翼总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗因其应对新冠疫情的方式面临日益增加的压力。现在他还面临着另一种麻烦。一名最高法院法官裁定，博尔索纳罗的政治对手可以在明年的选举中与他竞争。前左派总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦在2018年因贪污罪名成立而被禁止参选。但这项新裁决意味着达席尔瓦——人们普遍称其为卢拉——可能有机会重返总统之位。

We're joined now by NPR's South America correspondent Philip Reeves. Phil, what exactly did the judge rule?

NPR新闻驻南美记者菲利普·里夫斯将和我们连线。菲尔，法官具体的裁决是什么？

PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE: Well, I don't know whether you remember this. A couple of years ago, long after leaving office, Lula was convicted of corruption charges. He wound up serving 18 months in jail. He and his supporters have always said these charges were politically motivated to stop him running in the last election in 2018, which they did, thus allowing Bolsonaro to win. Yesterday, a Supreme Court judge annulled those convictions. He decided the court in southern Brazil that tried Lula had no jurisdiction to do so. He ruled the cases should be tried all over again by a federal court in the capital, Brasilia. And that means that Lula gets his political rights back, at least for now. And therefore, pretty much to everyone's surprise, he qualifies to be a candidate in next year's presidential elections and can challenge Bolsonaro.

菲利普·里夫斯连线：我不知道你是否还记得这件事。几年前，在卢拉卸任总统很久之后，他被判贪污罪名成立。他最终在监狱里服刑了18个月。他及其支持者一直表示，这些指控出于政治动机，目的是为了阻止他参加在2018年举行的上一次大选，他们确实这样做了，以此让博尔索纳罗获胜。昨天，一名最高法院法官宣布这些判决无效。他裁定巴西南部审判卢拉的法院没有这样做的管辖权。他裁定这些案件应由首都巴西利亚的联邦法院重新审理。这意味着，至少目前来说，卢拉重新获得了其政治权利。因此，几乎令所有人惊讶的是，他有资格成为明年总统选举的候选人，可以挑战博尔索纳罗。

DETROW: I remember talking to you as that first ruling came in and there were huge crowds showing support for Lula. You know, how does this affect the political landscape in Brazil going forward?

德特罗：我记得在第一次裁决公布时我们有连线过，当时有很多人支持卢拉。这对巴西未来的政治格局有何影响？

REEVES: Well, it's potentially a very big deal. Lula's a huge figure on the Latin American political scene. When he left power 10 years ago, his popularity ratings were over 80%. It's important to point out, though, that this ruling may be overturned. It's going to be reviewed by the entire Supreme Court. And he also faces other corruption charges that are in the pipeline, and they could be an impediment. Yet, according to political analysts in Brazil, Lula might just win through on this. He could take the stage for a contest between him, you know, this highly charismatic former two-term presidential president and the far-right populist Bolsonaro, who's a big fan and ideological soulmate of Donald Trump. And so if you think Brazilian politics were already heavily polarized, you'd be right. But if we have a Lula-Bolsonaro contest, as one analyst put it, buckle up. The show is only just beginning.

里夫斯：这可能产生非常大的影响。卢拉是拉美政治舞台上的重要人物。10年前卸任时，他的支持率超过80%。不过，必须指出的是，这一裁决可能会被推翻。案件将交由最高法院审理。他还面临其他正在酝酿中的腐败指控，这些指控可能成为障碍。然而，据巴西政治分析人士，卢拉可能会胜诉。他可能会上台参加选举，届时将是极具个人魅力的两届前总统和极右翼民粹主义者博尔索纳罗之间的竞争，后者是唐纳德·特朗普的忠实粉丝和意识形态上的灵魂伴侣。因此，如果你认为巴西政治已经严重两极分化，你的看法是对的。但正如一位分析人士所说，如果卢拉真的和博尔索纳罗竞争，那我们要做好准备。演出才刚刚开始。

DETROW: I mean, we've spent a lot of time reporting on Bolsonaro's challenges, especially navigating the pandemic. How likely is it that Lula could put the political coalition together to return to office?

德特罗：我们花了很多时间报道博尔索纳罗面临的挑战，尤其是应对疫情方面的挑战。卢拉组建政治联盟重新执政的可能性有多大？

REEVES: Well, you know, he's 75 years old. And he's certainly not as popular now as he was back when he was in office when President Barack Obama called him the world's most popular president. A lot of Brazilians became very embittered by the widespread corruption during the decade of leftist government and also by the severe recession in the middle of the last decade. A poll came out last week in which 50% said they would either certainly vote for Lula or might vote for him, compared with 38 for Bolsonaro. And, you know, this is at a time when Bolsonaro's being pummeled over his handling of the pandemic. Many Brazilians are very angry about the vaccination program, which is in its very early stages, and the death toll, which is the second-highest in the world, and people dying in larger numbers now than ever.

里夫斯：卢拉已经75岁。而他现在肯定没有当年执政时那样受欢迎，当时巴拉克·奥巴马称他为世界上最受欢迎的总统。许多巴西人对左派政府执政十年期间普遍存在的腐败以及2015年的严重衰退感到极为愤怒。上周公布的一项民意调查显示，50%的受访者表示，他们肯定会投卢拉一票，或者可能会投卢拉一票，而博尔索纳罗的支持率为38%。而且，现在博尔索纳罗因其应对疫情的方式受到了抨击。许多巴西人对处于早期阶段的疫苗接种计划、世界第二高的死亡人数以及比以往任何时候都更多的死亡人数感到非常愤怒。

DETROW: That's NPR's Philip Reeves. Thanks so much.

德特罗：以上是NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯带来的报道。非常谢谢你。

REEVES: You're welcome.

里弗斯：不客气。