美国国家公共电台 NPR 拜登宣布美国从阿富汗撤军 结束美国历史上最长的战争（在线收听）

Today, President Biden said America's longest war is almost over. By this September 11, he says U.S. combat troops will be out of Afghanistan.

拜登总统今天表示，美国最长的战争即将结束。他表示，美国作战部队将在今年9月11日前撤离阿富汗。

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PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN: We went to Afghanistan because of a horrific attack that happened 20 years ago. That cannot explain why we should remain there in 2021. Rather than return to war with the Taliban, we have to focus on the challenges that are in front of us.

乔·拜登总统：“我们去阿富汗是因为20年前发生的一场可怕袭击。这无法解释为何我们要在2021年留在那里。我们必须专注于面前的挑战。而不是重返与塔利班的战争。

KELLY: Joining me from the White House to talk about this decision and what it means, NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson.

凯利：下面我们来连线NPR新闻的国家政治记者玛拉·利亚森，请她详细介绍这个决定及其意义。

Hey, Mara.

你好，玛拉。

MARA LIASSON, BYLINE: Hi there.

玛拉·利亚森连线：你好。

KELLY: Why is the president making this decision and why now?

凯利：总统为何做出这个决定，为什么是现在？

LIASSON: President Biden believes that the U.S. did what it set out to do in Afghanistan. He says, in 20 years, we've prevented more large scale al-Qaida attacks. We eventually got Osama bin Laden. By the way, Biden noted he did call President Bush, the first of four presidents to preside over an American troop presence in Afghanistan. He says the terrorist threat has changed. It's metastasized to other parts of the world. Plus, we have other threats.

利亚森：拜登总统认为，美国完成了在阿富汗的任务。他表示，20年来，我们阻止了“基地”组织更大规模的袭击。我们最终击毙了本拉登。顺便说一句，拜登指出，他确实有和布什总统通话，布什是掌管过驻阿美军的四任总统中的首位。拜登表示，恐怖分子的威胁已经发生改变。威胁已转移到世界其他地方。另外，我们还面对着其他威胁。

And this is a rare but significant point of agreement between President Biden and Donald Trump, who signed an agreement with the Taliban to leave Afghanistan by May 1. Biden thought that was a little too soon, but he'll start pulling out on May 1. He also confronted the question that's faced the past four presidents, which is, should you wait around for a conditions-based withdrawal? Because that's a recipe in his mind for staying there forever. Here's what he said.

拜登总统和唐纳德·特朗普在这一点上难得一见地达成了一致，因此意义重大，后者与塔利班签署了一项协议，规定在5月1日前从阿富汗撤军。拜登认为这有个时间有些过早，但他将在5月1日开始撤军。他还面临着过去四任总统所面临的问题，即是否应该等待“有条件”的撤军？拜登认为有条件撤军形同“永远留在阿富汗”。以下是他所说。

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BIDEN: We cannot continue the cycle of extending or expanding our military presence in Afghanistan hoping to create ideal conditions for the withdrawal and expecting a different result.

拜登：我们不能再继续这样的循环，延长或扩大我们在阿富汗的军事存在，我们希望为撤军创造理想条件，并期待出现不同结果。

KELLY: Mara, he's talking about a military calculation there.

凯利：玛拉，他说的是军事考量。

LIASSON: Yes.

利亚森：对。

KELLY: What about the political calculation for Biden?

凯利：那拜登的政治考量呢？

LIASSON: I think in the short term, the politics are pretty good. The public is tired of this war after 20 years. I think in the long term, the political risks could be enormous, though. And Republican critics are talking about that. Some of them were also opposed to Trump's plan to pull out on May 1. What if the Taliban waits us out? What if al-Qaida and ISIS come back in? What if Kabul falls? What if Afghan women are oppressed again? Also, can the U.S. contain that with just troops in the region, not in the country?

利亚森：我认为短期内，政治形势相当不错。20年后的今天，公众已经厌倦了这场战争。但我认为，从长期来看，可能会产生巨大的政治风险。共和党批评人士提到这一问题。其中有些人也反对特朗普在5月1日前撤军的计划。如果塔利班在等着我们撤离呢？如果“基地”组织和ISIS卷土重来怎么办？如果喀布尔沦陷怎么办？如果阿富汗女性再次受到压迫怎么办？另外，美国能否通过在该地区而不是在阿富汗驻军来遏制这种局面？

And also, we've seen this movie before. Remember, we pulled troops out of Iraq in 2011. And ISIS came along. And we had to send troops back. But this is Biden's first major decision as commander in chief. It's something he has always believed in. He was against the last surge in Afghanistan, and he's willing to take the risk.

我们以前看到过这种情况。记住，我们在2011年从伊拉克撤军。之后，ISIS出现。我们不得不再次向伊拉克派兵。但这是拜登作为总司令的第一个重大决定。这也是他一直坚信的。上次美国增兵阿富汗时他就表示反对，他愿意冒这个险。

KELLY: Thank you, Mara.

凯利：谢谢你，玛拉。