美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国CDC宣布打完疫苗者无须再戴口罩（在线收听）

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has given Americans a choice.

美国疾病控制与预防中心（简称CDC）给了美国人一个选择。

If you don't get the COVID-19 vaccine, you still need to cover your face with a mask. But if you get the shots, you can ditch them.

如果你没有接种新冠肺炎疫苗，那你仍需要用口罩遮住你的脸。但如果你接种了疫苗，你就可以摘下口罩。

The CDC announced its turnaround on masking policy yesterday. President Biden hailed it as a turning point in America's pandemic.

美国疾病控制与预防中心昨天宣布调整口罩佩戴政策。拜登总统称赞这是美国新冠疫情的转折点。

The CDC is saying they have concluded that fully vaccinated people are at a very, very low risk of getting COVID-19.

美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，他们得出结论的是，完全接种疫苗者感染新冠肺炎的风险极低。

Therefore, if you've been fully vaccinated, you no longer need to wear a mask.

因此，如果你已经完全接种了疫苗，你就不必再戴口罩。

But the new guidelines raise a lot of questions.

但新指引提出了很多问题。

Here to help us sort through them, NPR science correspondent Richard Harris. Good morning, Richard.

NPR新闻的科学记者理查德·哈里斯将帮助我们理清这些问题。早上好，理查德。

Good morning.

早上好。

I mean, this sounds like a huge change in policy. Is it as sweeping as it appears to be?

这听起来像是政策上的巨大变化。那变化是否像表面看上去那样大？

Yes. Well, CDC Director Rochelle Walensky started at her announcement yesterday painting it with a very broad brush. Here's what she said.

是的。美国疾病控制与预防中心主任罗谢尔·瓦伦斯基昨天宣布这一消息时，用非常宽泛的陈述进行了介绍。以下是她所说。

Anyone who is fully vaccinated can participate in indoor and outdoor activities, large or small, without wearing a mask or physical distancing.

已经充分免疫的人群在参与室内或室外的大型或小型活动时不必佩戴口罩或保持社交距离。

But then came the caveats. It doesn't apply to people on public transit or airplanes. It doesn't apply in health care settings.

但她接下来就提出了警告。该指引不适用于乘坐公共交通工具或飞机的人。也不适用于医疗机构。

She also said it will be up to local officials about how the guidelines are carried out in schools, stores and other local settings.

她还表示，这些指引在学校、商店和其他地方的执行情况将取决于当地官员。

And, you know, that could be a formula for confusion.

而且，这可能是令人困惑的方案。

Right. So let's take one example, right?

对。我们举个例子，好吗？

Like, any kind of retail situation, a grocery store, say, is — puts a policy out saying if you're fully vaccinated, you don't have to wear a mask, just like the CDC says.

比如，任何种类的零售情况——就好比杂货店——都会出台一项政策，规定人们接种了疫苗就不必佩戴口罩，就像疾控中心说的那样。

But how do they ensure that that's the truth?

但他们如何确保这是事实呢？

I mean, are they going to ask people before they come in if they're — if they can prove they've been vaccinated?

他们会在人们进门前询问他们是否能证明自已已经接种了疫苗吗？

Yeah, a good question.

好，这是个好问题。

The CDC's point really is that vaccines are so effective at protecting people who are fully vaccinated

美国疾病控制与预防中心的观点是，疫苗对充分免疫人群的保护非常有效，

that they basically shouldn't worry about the vaccination status of those around them.

他们基本上不用担心周围人的接种状况。

So people who aren't vaccinated are mostly a risk to themselves. But, you know, that's not always the case.

而没有接种疫苗的人对自身也存在较大风险。但是，情况并非总是如此。

Think of people who aren't able to get a vaccine, including children.

想想那些不能接种疫苗的人，比如儿童。

Right. So I want to address the fact, though, I mean, these vaccines are highly effective, but they're still not 100% effective, right?

对。因此我想说明一个事实，虽然这些疫苗非常有效，但它们并非100%有效，对吗？

So there is still a modicum of risk.

所以还是存在一点风险的。

There still is, although the CDC says that risk is small.

尽管美国疾病控制与预防中心称风险很小，但实际上还是有风险的。

Occasionally, a vaccinated person does get infected with the coronavirus, but the risk of serious illness in that circumstance is extremely low.

偶尔，接种疫苗的人确实会感染冠状病毒，但他们患严重疾病的风险极低。

And the CDC says vaccinated people who get infected are highly unlikely to spread the disease.

美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，接种疫苗后被感染的人传播病毒的可能性很小。

This is so significant to so many people. What other reactions are you hearing about the shift in policy?

这对很多人来说意义重大。对于政策的转变，你还听到了哪些反应？

Well, I've heard a range of views.

我听到了各种各样的观点。

Some scientists have said that the CDC made a mistake in not easing restrictions earlier for people who are vaccinated

一些科学家认为，美国疾病控制与预防中心存在错误，因为他们没有早些时候放宽对疫苗接种者的限制，

and worried that people would decide that there was no point in getting the shot if it didn't let them take off their masks.

还担心人们会认为，如果接种疫苗不能让他们摘下口罩，那接种疫苗就毫无意义。

On the other hand, Ali Mokdad at the University of Washington says

另一方面，华盛顿大学的阿里·莫克达德表示，

the public health message about vaccination shouldn't be about whether or not you need to wear a mask

有关疫苗接种的公共卫生信息不应决定人们是否需要佩戴口罩，

but that vaccines can prevent a deadly disease.

而是要明确疫苗可以预防致命疾病。

People who are not wearing their mask are the same people who are refusing the vaccine.

不戴口罩的人就是拒绝接种疫苗的人。

So this policy is not going to help us to increase the vaccination out there or addressing hesitancy.

因此，这项政策不会帮助我们增加疫苗接种或解决犹豫不决的问题。

He's looking at this through the lens of public health, where the goal should be to stop the pandemic as quickly as possible.

他是从公共卫生角度来看待这一问题的，在公共卫生领域，目标应该是尽快制止这一疫情。

The new CDC guidance is really more about advice to individuals.

美国疾病控制与预防中心发布的新指引更多的是针对个人的建议。

But — so we'll have to see how that sorts out. It's a complicated thing how people will react to all of this.

因此，我们需要观察一下结果如何。人们对这一切的反应是相当复杂。

Right and enforce all this. NPR science correspondent Richard Harris. Thank you, Richard.

制定和实施。以上是NPR新闻的科学记者理查德·哈里斯带来的报道。谢谢你，理查德。

Anytime.

不客气。