纪录片《手术二百年》 第3期 手术基石（1）（在线收听）

Episode 2 The Cornerstones (Part 1)

Today surgeons are able to operate on any part of the human body. Although surgeons have superb skills and access to state-of-the-art medical equipment, they still rely most on hemostasis, anesthesia, and strict disinfection, the three cornerstones of surgery regarded as the safety basics. It was the achievement of these conditions that ushered in a new era of surgery.

第2集 手术基石

　　 中世纪的欧洲，手术是剃头匠兼任的工作。在对人体构造精确认识的基础上，随着几个技术细节的突破，麻醉、消毒、止血和缝合，手术最终成为了现代意义的手术，医生成为受人尊敬的职业，这也构成了现代手术的基石。