美国国家公共电台 NPR 纽约州有望实现携枪入校（在线收听）

The Supreme Court hears a case today

今天，最高法院审理了一起案件，

that could decide whether people are allowed to carry concealed weapons into airports, churches, schools and shopping centers without a special license.

该案件可能会决定是否允许人们在没有特别许可证的情况下携带隐藏的武器进入机场、教堂、学校和购物中心。

This case involves New York state, which is one of eight states that outlaws carrying guns outside of the home.

这个案件涉及纽约州，它是8个禁止携带枪支外出的州之一。

And a decision on the scope of the Second Amendment, which is what this would be, may hinge on former President Donald Trump's three appointees.

而第二修正案的范围，可能取决于前总统唐纳德·特朗普任命的三名官员。

So will you talk us through the legalities here on the Second Amendment?

那么你能给我们讲讲关于第二修正案的法律规定吗？

Sure.

好的。

So remember in 2008, the Supreme Court declared that people have an individual right to bear arms for self-defense in their homes.

请记住，2008年，最高法院宣布，人们有在家中携带武器自卫的个人权利。

And in 2010, the court applied that right to the states.

2010年，法院将这一权利适用于各州。

Today, Steve, the open question is, does that Second Amendment right follow them outside their homes?

今天，史蒂夫，悬而未决的问题是，第二修正案的权利是否会跟随他们走出家门？

A gun rights group and two New Yorkers want the right to carry concealed weapons outside and not just for things like target practice or hunting.

一个枪支权利组织和两个纽约人希望有权携带隐蔽的武器外出，而不仅仅是为了打靶或打猎。

The New York restrictions require them to demonstrate a special need for protection.

纽约的限制规定要求他们证明对保护的特殊需要。

But they say they should have a mostly unfettered right.

但他们说，他们应该有一个基本上不受约束的权利。

So the New York state law is on the docket here, and, of course, New York is a big state.

所以纽约州的法律在这里被提上议事日程，当然，纽约州是一个很大的州。

This would be a big case regardless.

不管怎样，这都会是个大案子。

But might this apply to all states in different ways?

但是这会不会以不同的方式适用于所有的州呢？

Well, many states already allow concealed carry,

嗯，许多州已经允许携带隐蔽枪支，

but eight states - that includes New York, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Maryland - do not.

但包括纽约州、加利福尼亚州、马萨诸塞州、新泽西州和马里兰州在内的八个州不允许这样做。

That's a small number of states but a big population, something like 80 million people in those areas,

这些州数量不多，但人口却很多，这些地区大约有8000万人口，

according to experts at Duke University who follow gun rights issues.

据杜克大学追踪枪支权利问题的专家称，

Now, depending on how the Supreme Court rules and how it decides to write the decision, this case could have much wider impact.

现在，取决于最高法院如何裁决以及决定如何撰写裁决，这个案件可能会产生更广泛的影响。

What do you know about the current makeup of the justices and their views of gun rights?

关于大法官目前的组成以及他们对持枪权的看法有什么了解？

Here's what we know.

这是我们所知道的。

The National Rifle Association supported all three of President Trump's - former President Trump's Supreme Court nominees.

全国步枪协会支持前总统特朗普提名的所有三名最高法院大法官候选人。

Justice Neil Gorsuch is on record saying he would have taken up earlier gun rights challenges the court rejected.

尼尔·戈萨奇法官公开表示，他会接受早些时候法院驳回的枪支权利挑战。

And while they were appeals court judges, both Brett Kavanaugh and Amy Coney Barrett said they would have struck down some gun restrictions.

虽然布雷特·卡瓦诺和艾米·科尼·巴雷特都是上诉法院法官，但他们都表示，他们会废除一些枪支限制。

Kavanaugh, for instance, has written about how the history matters to him, that any gun bans or restrictions need to be rooted in text, history and tradition.

例如，卡瓦诺写过历史对他有多重要，任何枪支禁令或限制都需要植根于文本、历史和传统。

And Barrett said one of her most important writings on the lower courts was a dissenting opinion,

巴雷特说，她关于下级法院最重要的文章之一是一篇反对意见，

where she traced the history to conclude in her view that felons who aren't dangerous should be able to own guns.

她通过追溯历史得出结论，认为不危险的重罪犯应该拥有枪支。

That is not the case now.

现在情况并非如此。

That's very interesting.

那非常有趣。

So their presumption is that you do have a right to carry weapons anywhere is what I hear from some of that.

所以他们的假设是，你确实有权携带武器去任何地方，这是我从其中一些人那里听到的。

Except they want to find if there has been in text or tradition a specific prohibition that they can base current regulations on.

除了他们想要找出是否在文本或传统中有具体的禁令，他们可以以此作为当前法规的基础。

Does the news play into this at all, the fact that we're in a time where it seems to be increasing gun violence, certainly increasing prominence of mass shootings?

我们现在所处的时代枪支暴力似乎在增加，大规模枪击事件肯定会越来越突出，这一消息是否对此起到了推波助澜的作用？

Well, the Justice Department and local police around the country are very concerned about gun homicides.

司法部和全国各地的地方警方都非常关注持枪杀人案。

Remember, in the landmark Heller case back in 2008, the late Justice Scalia left plenty of room to uphold some reasonable gun restrictions in places like schools.

请记住，在2008年具有里程碑意义的海勒案件中，已故的斯卡利亚大法官为在学校等地方实施一些合理的枪支限制留有足够的空间。

And interestingly enough, in this case in New York, there's a divide among political conservatives, and they are a little bit at issue.

有趣的是，在纽约的这起事件中，政治保守派之间存在分歧，他们之间存在一些争议。

We're going to have to hear in the argument today how the Supreme Court justices show their hands if they do.

在今天的辩论中，我们将听到最高法院的法官们是如何举手表决的。