科学美国人60秒 SSS 濒临灭绝的粉色河豚(1)（在线收听）

This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Jeff DelViscio.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列。我是杰夫·德尔维西奥。

Today we’re going to do something completely different:

今天我们要做一些完全不同的事情:

We’re going to offer you a break in the pandemic and politics by taking you on a three-part sound journey to the Amazon.

我们将带你进行一段由三部分组成的亚马逊健康之旅，让你在疫情和政治中稍事休息。

We will eavesdrop on some incredible creatures in the world’s largest rain forest.

我们将在世界上最大的雨林中窃听一些不可思议的生物。

Think of it as a soundscape turned into a sound escape.

你可以把它想象成声音景观变成了声音出逃。

Today part one: into the river.

今天第一集:入河。

Our guide for this audio trip is Tim Weaver.

我们的音频旅行向导是蒂姆·韦弗。

Tim is a professor of emergent digital practices and a multimedia and sound artist at the University of Denver.

蒂姆是丹佛大学新兴数字实践教授和多媒体声音艺术家。

We’re going to be listening to some far-reaching soundscape ecologies today from research

今天我们将听到一些影响深远的音景生态研究

that I’ve been conducting off of the main stem of the Amazon on the Peruvian border with Brazil.

我一直在秘鲁与巴西边境的亚马逊河主河道上进行的。

Tim, could we start out by talking a little bit about what you do?

蒂姆，我们能先谈谈你的工作吗?

Tell us about soundscape ecology.

给我们讲讲音景生态学吧。

One way of looking at ecological stability, or what’s happening in the dynamics of ecologies,

一种看待生态稳定或生态动态变化的方式，

is by looking at the sound of spaces, or the acoustic ecology.

就是通过观察空间的声音，或者声学生态。

It’s a newer area, in terms of looking at an exchange of information in ecologies and diversity.

就生态学和多样性的信息交换而言，这是一个较新的领域。

And with recording technology, there’s amazing ways to look at this.

有了录音技术，我们就能以令人惊叹的方式来看待这个问题。

So we’re looking at everything from the resonances of forests—so how does a forest that has been cut sound?

所以我们从森林共振的角度来观察一切——那么一个被砍伐的森林是如何发声的呢?

And how does sound reflected into a native forest that still has its native, somewhat intact, primary forest—communication between species.

以及声音是如何在原始森林中被反射出来的，而原始森林仍然保留着原始的、完好无损的原始森林——物种之间的交流。

And how does sound reflected into a native forest that still has its native, somewhat intact, primary forest—communication between species.

以及声音是如何在原始森林中被反射出来的，而原始森林仍然保留着原始的、完好无损的原始森林——物种之间的交流。

So bioacoustics is a big piece of it, as well as the resonance of the forest—how things reflect.

所以生物声学是其中的一个重要部分，同样重要的还有森林的共振——事物如何反射。

“And the tools that we use are everything from recording in three-dimensional sound with new innovative multiple microphone devices

“我们使用的工具是各种各样的，使用新的创新的多麦克风设备录制三维声音

so we can record somewhat three-dimensionally with microphone arrays.

所以我们可以用麦克风阵列进行三维声音的记录。

To using hydrophones underwater and just standard stereo microphones that we can deploy

在水下使用我们部署的水听器和标准的立体声麦克风

and then also some that we can schedule and leave out there for up to a month

还有一些我们可以安排，放置一个月的设备

and go back and get them and bring them back in

然后回去把它们拿回来，

and then analyze the soundscapes and the communication going on with artificial intelligence.

然后分析音景以及与人工智能的交流。

So we're using all those tools in our research.”

所以我们在研究中使用了所有的这些工具。”

Now let’s talk about some of that research, specifically, into the pink river dolphin.

现在让我们来谈谈其中的一些研究，特别是关于粉红海豚的研究。

The pink river dolphin is now endangered.

粉红河豚现在濒临灭绝。

I guess you had a pretty hard time finding them, right Tim?

我猜你很难找到他们，对吧，蒂姆?

“So this is about 140 kilometers upriver, on the main stem of the Amazon in a side tributary.

“这是亚马逊河上游大约140公里处的一条支流上。

This event is recorded the same time of year that Jeff and I are having a conversation in October/November.

此事件记录在杰夫和我在 10 月/11 月进行对话的同一时间。

And the Amazon river is rising, then, from the runoff from the Andes.

亚马逊河从安第斯山脉的径流往上流。

There’s a lull in it, so it’s coming up.

到了一个平缓区，所以它出现了。

So what that means is: there’s migratory catfish coming all the way from the mouth of the Amazon

所以这意味着：有从亚马逊河口一路游过来的洄游鲶鱼

—all the way up to this interface with the Andes and where the upper Amazon drops

-一直到安第斯山脉和亚马逊河上游下流的交汇处

—and then they’re laying their eggs there.

-然后它们就在那里产卵。

It is one of the largest migrations of fish in the world.

这是世界上最大的鱼类迁徙之一。

And with that, pink river dolphins want to go in the re,

有了这些，粉红河豚想要游入那里，

and it’s a great time to go in pods and maybe with their young and slurp up these catfish eggs or other types of fish.

这是一个很好的时机，可以和它们的后代一起去吃这些鲶鱼卵或其他种类的鱼。