VOA新闻杂志2022 美国宣布禁止进口俄罗斯能源产品 国际油价可能进一步上涨（在线收听）

American President Joe Biden announced Tuesday a ban on "all imports of Russian oil and gas and energy."

美国总统乔·拜登周二宣布全面禁止进口俄罗斯石油、天然气和能源产品。

The move increases economic pressure against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine. But it could bring higher energy prices and affect the world's economies.

此举增加了对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的经济压力。但是它可能会带来能源价格上涨，进而影响到全球经济。

"The decision today is not without cost here at home," Biden said. "Since Putin began his military build-up at Ukrainian borders..., the price of gas at the pump in America went up 75 cents and with this action, it's going to go up further."

拜登表示：“今天的决定在美国国内并非不用付出代价。自普京在乌克兰边境开始军事集结以来，美国加油站的汽油价格已经上涨了75美分，伴随这一行动，油价会进一步上涨。”

The United States Energy Information Administration said, in 2021, the United States imported about 245 million barrels of oil from Russia. That adds up to 8 percent of the country's energy imports. As for natural gas, the U.S. has been an exporter since 2017.

美国能源信息署表示，2021年，美国从俄罗斯进口了约2.45亿桶石油。这相当于该国能源进口的8%。至于天然气方面，美国自2017年以来一直是天然气出口国。

In London, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said Britain would end imports of Russian oil and oil products by the end of the year. British officials said that would give businesses time to replace Russian imports which make up 8 percent of demand.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊在伦敦表示，英国将在今年年底前停止进口俄罗斯石油及相关产品。英国官员表示，这将使企业有时间替换占需求量8%的俄罗斯进口产品。

Other European nations, however, are more dependent on Russian energy supplies. European Union (EU) leaders will meet Thursday to discuss a plan to replace them without hurting their economies. The EU plans to reduce Russian energy imports "well before 2030." Russia supplies almost 40 percent of EU natural gas for home heating and 25 percent of its oil.

然而其它欧洲国家更加依赖于俄罗斯的能源供应。欧盟领导人将于周四举行会议，讨论在不损害其经济的情况下的替代方案。欧盟计划在2030年之前减少俄罗斯的能源进口。俄罗斯为欧盟提供了近40%的家庭取暖供气和25%的石油。

Even before the U.S. ban, many Western energy companies, including ExxonMobil and BP, have already ended their investments in Russia and limited imports. Shell, which purchased some Russian oil over the weekend, announced an immediate halt Tuesday. It also planned to close all its gas stations in the country.

甚至在美国出台禁令之前，包括埃克森美孚和英国石油公司在内的许多西方能源公司就已经结束了他们对俄罗斯的投资并限制了进口。上个周末购买了一批俄罗斯原油壳牌在周二宣布立即暂停。它还计划关闭其在俄罗斯的所有加油站。

Will the ban hurt world's economies?

该禁令会损害全球经济吗？

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has repeatedly asked the U.S. and Western nations to stop Russian oil imports. Before the invasion, Russian oil and gas exports brought in more than a third of government revenues. Energy prices have since increased greatly, making Russian oil exports even more valuable.

乌克兰总统泽连斯基一再要求美国和西方停止进口俄罗斯石油。在入侵之前，俄罗斯石油和天然气出口为政府带来了超过三分之一的收入。此后能源价格大幅上涨，使得俄罗斯石油出口更加有利可图。

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the international price of a barrel of oil reached $100. On Tuesday, the price increased to around $130 a barrel. And Oslo-based firm Rystad Energy said the import bans could send oil prices to $200 a barrel.

俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之后，国际石油每桶价格达到了100美元。周二，价格上涨至每桶130美元左右。总部位于奥斯陆的雷斯塔能源公司表示，进口禁令可能会使油价升至200美元每桶。

"How high can oil prices go? Pick a number, this is a market in disarray," noted Mike Tran, an oil expert at RBC Capital Markets.

加拿大皇家银行资本市场部的石油专家麦克·陈表示：“油价能涨到多高？上不封顶，这是一个混乱的市场。”

Economists expect higher oil prices to slow the world's economy, which is still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Already, central banks in the U.S. and Europe are planning to raise interest rates to deal with higher prices and inflation.

经济学家预计，油价上涨将会减缓仍在从新冠肺炎大流行中复苏的全球经济。美国和欧洲的中央银行已经计划提高利率以应对价格上涨和通货膨胀。