VOA新闻杂志2022 欧洲企业推动汽车制造商共享司机数据（在线收听）

Cars are collecting more information about how people drive and what they are doing while they drive.

汽车正在收集更多有关人们如何驾驶以及他们开车时在做什么的信息。

The cars gather information about the music their drivers listen to and their good and bad driving habits.

汽车收集有关司机听的音乐以及他们好的和坏的驾驶习惯的信息。

More cars with computer processors and internet connections are getting on the road.

越来越多装有计算机处理器和互联网连接的汽车正在路上行驶。

The data they collect is valuable to car manufacturers and also information technology companies.

它们收集的数据对汽车制造商和信息技术公司都很有价值。

In Europe, European Commission officials are reportedly calling for rules about how car makers should make information available to others in the car business.

在欧洲，据报道，欧盟委员会官员呼吁制定规则，规定汽车制造商应该如何向汽车行业的其他人提供信息。

For example, car repair shops, insurance companies, and leasing companies all want information collected from drivers.

例如，汽车维修店、保险公司和租赁公司都希望从司机那里收集信息。

But in some cases, large car makers seem unsure about sharing that data with other companies.

但在某些情况下，大型汽车制造商似乎不确定是否要与其他公司共享这些数据。

One critic said the car makers are "gatekeepers" who will make money by charging others for access.

一位评论家说，汽车制造商是“看门人”，他们将通过向其他公司收费来赚钱。

If they charge too much, they will restrict competition.

如果他们收费过高，他们将会限制竞争。

Independent repair shops, for example, are worried that they will not be able to fix cars if they cannot look at the information stored by a car's computer.

例如，独立的维修店担心，如果他们不能查看汽车计算机存储的信息，他们将无法修理汽车。

Instead, drivers will be required to go to service centers owned by the manufacturer.

相反，司机将被要求前往制造商拥有的服务中心。

Sylvia Gotzen leads a trade group called FIGIEFA which represents repair shops and car parts makers in Europe.

西尔维娅·戈岑领导了一个名为FIGIEFA的贸易组织，该组织维护欧洲的维修店和汽车零部件制造商的利益。

She said car makers get the full amount of data available while businesses she represents get "crumbs."

她说，汽车制造商得到了全部可用的数据，而她所代表的企业得到的则是“点滴可用的数据”。

But European car makers say they need to protect drivers by restricting how much information they share.

但欧洲汽车制造商表示，他们需要通过限制司机分享信息的数量来保护他们。

A spokesperson for the European Automobile Manufacturers Association said "uncontrolled access" is a safety and personal data security threat.

欧洲汽车制造商协会的一位发言人表示，“不受控制的访问”是对安全和个人数据安全的威胁。

Stellantis, General Motors and Volkswagen are car manufacturers that plan to make money from driver data.

Stellantis、通用汽车和大众汽车都是计划从司机数据中赚钱的汽车制造商。

Some will create computer programs drivers can buy.

一些公司将创建司机可以购买的计算机程序。

BMW does not agree that it is restricting access.

宝马不同意它限制访问。

If drivers give permission, the German automaker says it can share 100 "data points," or kinds of information, with independent organizations.

如果司机允许，这家德国汽车制造商表示，它可以与独立组织共享100个“数据点”，即各种信息。

But the FIGIEFA said today's cars produce thousands of data points.

但FIGIEFA表示，如今的汽车产生的数据点有数千个。

BMW said it would like to have a meeting organized by a group, such as the European Commission, to make a list of car data points that everyone can agree on.

宝马表示，它希望由欧盟委员会等组织召开一次会议，列出各方都能同意的汽车数据点清单。

The chief of Stellantis gave an example of how data from its cars can help cities become safer.

Stellantis的首席执行官举了一个例子，说明来自其汽车的数据如何帮助城市变得更安全。

He said his company can look at data created by a car's brakes and then tell a city which intersections on its streets cause the most emergency stops.

他说，他的公司可以查看汽车刹车系统产生的数据，然后告诉城市其街道上的哪个十字路口导致了最紧急的刹车。

But he added that kind of research can be costly.

但他还说，这种研究的成本可能会很高。

Another way to use the data is to find ways to reward good drivers.

使用这些数据的另一种方式是找到奖励优秀司机的方法。

Car makers can send information--such as how fast a car brakes and how often it speeds up--to insurance companies.

汽车制造商可以向保险公司发送信息，比如汽车的刹车速度和加速频率。

That information can be used to reduce insurance costs for good drivers.

这些信息可以用来降低优秀司机的保险成本。

There are also car sharing companies that are independent, and those that are owned by large auto companies.

还有独立的汽车共享公司和由大型汽车公司拥有的公司。

The independent companies say they want to be sure they are paying the same amount for data as the others.

这些独立公司表示，他们希望确保他们为数据支付的费用与其他公司相同。

Nicolas Jeanmart leads Insurance Europe.

尼古拉斯·让玛特负责欧洲保险公司。

He said the car makers need to let the drivers control who gets their data.

他说，汽车制造商需要让司机控制谁获得了他们的数据。

"You cannot leave this in the hands of car manufacturers," he said.

他说：“不能让汽车制造商控制这件事”。

If the car makers permit the owners access to all the information, Gotzen of FIGIEFA said, a repair shop could access the data from an internet connection.

FIGIEFA的戈岑说，如果汽车制造商允许店主访问所有信息，维修店就可以通过互联网连接访问这些数据。

This would save car owners time and money because tests can take a lot of time and become costly.

这将节省店主的时间和金钱，因为测试可能会需要大量时间，而且成本很高。

"All of this is technically possible right now," she said.

她说：“所有这些在技术上现在都是可能的”。

But she added that "car manufacturers prevent us from doing this."

但她还说，“汽车制造商阻止我们这样做。”

One expert, Richard Knubben, said this debate might be happening too late.

专家理查德·努本表示，这场辩论可能为时已晚。

He noted that independent car repair shops may be in danger of going out of business because they cannot access the data right now.

他指出，独立的汽车维修店可能面临着倒闭的危险，因为他们目前无法访问数据。

"By the time we get legislation," he said, "we may be stuck with an imbalance that we can't fix anymore."

“等到我们通过立法的时候，”他说，“我们可能会陷入一种我们再也无法修复的失衡之中。”