VOA教育报道2022 美国最高法院同意受理哈佛大学招生歧视案（在线收听）

The United States Supreme Court has agreed to review a legal effort aiming to overturn the consideration of race in college admissions.

美国最高法院同意受理一起旨在推翻在大学招生中考虑种族因素做法的诉讼。

The court's ruling could affect affirmative action policies used to increase diversity at American colleges.

美国最高法院的裁决可能会影响用来增加美国大学多样性的平权行动政策。

Affirmative action is a set of policies designed to end unlawful discrimination.

《平权法案》是一套旨在结束非法歧视的政策。

It is also used to help people in a group that has been discriminated against in the past.

它也被用来帮助那些在过去受到歧视的群体中的人。

The nation's highest court said Monday that it will hear the appeal by a group called Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

美国最高法院周一表示，它将审理一个由“Students for Fair Admissions”组织针对哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校提起的诉讼。

The group is founded by Edward Blum.

该组织由爱德华·布鲁姆创立。

He has worked for many years to fight against racial consideration in the college admission process.

多年来，他一直致力于反对大学录取过程中考虑种族因素。

The SFFA accused the universities of discriminating against applicants based on race in violation of federal law or the U.S. Constitution.

SFFA指控这些大学基于种族歧视申请人，违反了联邦法律或美国宪法。

It claimed Harvard has discriminated against Asian Americans with higher test scores and chosen to admit Black and Hispanic students with lower grades.

它声称哈佛大学歧视考试成绩较高的亚裔美国人，却选择录取成绩较低的黑人和西班牙裔学生。

But Harvard said the school only considers race in a way that earlier Supreme Court cases have permitted.

但哈佛大学表示，该校只以最高法院之前案例允许的方式考虑种族问题。

Harvard President Lawrence Bacow said in a statement that its admission policy "produces a more diverse student body which strengthens the learning environment for all."

哈佛大学校长劳伦斯·巴考在一份声明中表示，该校的招生政策“产生了一个更多样化的学生群体，这为所有人加强了学习环境。”

The university also noted that its share of Asian Americans has grown in recent years.

该大学还指出，近年来，该大学亚裔美国人所占的比例有所上升。

Harvard reports that nearly 26 percent of the latest first-year students are Asian-American.

哈佛大学报告称，最近入学的一年级学生中，近26%是亚裔美国人。

Black students make up 16 percent and Hispanic students are 12.5 percent of the class.

黑人学生占16%，西班牙裔学生占12.5%。

Two lower courts agreed with Harvard's argument and ruled that while its admission policy is "not perfect," it is "constitutional."

两个下级法院同意哈佛大学的论述并裁定，尽管哈佛大学的招生政策“不完美”，但它是“符合宪法的”。

The decisions were based on 40 years of Supreme Court rulings related to affirmative action.

这些决定是基于最高法院40年来有关《平权法案》的裁决。

The Supreme Court first ruled in 1978 that race could be considered in college admission.

最高法院在1978年首次裁定，在大学招生中可以考虑种族因素。

But the decision banned the Medical School of the University of California at Davis from establishing racial quotas.

但该决定禁止加州大学戴维斯分校医学院设立种族配额。

In other words, schools cannot set aside a percentage or number of students for admission based on race alone.

换言之，学校不能只根据种族来决定录取学生的百分比或数目。

The high court again ruled in 2003 that the University of Michigan's law school could consider race in its admission process to create "a diverse educational environment."

最高法院在2003年再次裁定，密歇根大学法学院可以在招生过程中考虑种族因素，以创造“多样化的教育环境”。

In the latest filing, Edward Blum and the SFFA asked the court to overturn its own 2003 ruling in the University of Michigan case known as Grutter v. Bollinger.

在最新提交的文件中，爱德华·布鲁姆和SFFA要求法院推翻其2003年在密歇根大学“格鲁特诉布林格案”中的裁决。

It is the second time that Blum has tried to appeal the court to end the consideration of race in college admission.

这是布鲁姆第二次试图向法院提起上诉，以结束在大学招生中考虑种族因素的做法。

In 2016, Blum and others asked the court to review the admission policy of the University of Texas at Austin.

2016年，布鲁姆等人要求法院审查得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的招生政策。

But the court followed its earlier decisions and ruled that the use of race in the university's admissions efforts was constitutional.

但最高法院遵循其之前的裁决，裁定在该大学的招生工作中考虑种族因素是符合宪法的。

Since 2016, two of the justices who voted to support the use of affirmative action in college admission are no longer on the court.

自2016年以来，投票支持在大学招生中使用《平权法案》的两名大法官已经不在最高法院任职。

The addition of three new justices, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett has greatly expanded the court's conservative majority.

尼尔·戈尔萨奇、布雷特·卡瓦诺和艾米·科尼·巴雷特这三位新法官的加入极大地扩大了最高法院保守派的多数席位。

And the upcoming retirement of Justice Stephen Breyer is not expected to change its make-up.

即将退休的大法官斯蒂芬·布雷耶预计不会改变其构成。

The administration of former President Donald Trump had backed Blum’s case against Harvard.

前总统唐纳德·特朗普的政府曾支持布鲁姆起诉哈佛大学。

It also filed legal action alleging discrimination against Asian American and white people at Yale University.

它还提起诉讼，指控耶鲁大学歧视亚裔美国人和白人。

But the administration of President Joe Biden recently dropped the case against Yale.

但美国总统乔·拜登的政府最近撤销了对耶鲁大学的诉讼。

It also urged the Supreme Court to stay away from the case against Harvard and UNC and asked the court not to take the "extraordinary step" of overruling the 2003 decision.

它还敦促最高法院不要插手针对哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件，并要求最高法院不要采取推翻2003年裁决的“非凡措施”。

The Supreme Court will review the Harvard and UNC cases later this year and issue a ruling sometime in 2023.

最高法院将在今年晚些时候审查哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件，并在2023年的某个时候做出裁决。

"A striking out of affirmative action will certainly be devastating to Black applicants. It will be very, very harmful to Latinx applicants."

“取消《平权法案》肯定会对黑人申请者造成毁灭性的打击。对拉丁裔申请者来说，这将是非常非常有害的。”

That is Kevin Brown, a professor at the Maurer School of Law at Indiana University.

这是印第安纳大学毛雷尔法学院的教授凯文·布朗。

Brown said affirmative action enabled Black students like him to go to law school at Yale in the early 1980s.

布朗说，《平权法案》使像他这样的黑人学生在20世纪80年代初能够进入耶鲁大学法学院学习。

It helped white students to learn new ideas from Black students in discussion groups.

它帮助白人学生在讨论小组中从黑人学生那里学习新思想。

Some of these law students who got to know Black students for the first time are now lawyers, professors, and judges, he said.

他说，这些第一次认识黑人学生的法律系学生中，有一些现在成为了律师、教授和法官。

"What you're also taking away from the white students is this multicultural background, which means when they become the decision-makers of our society, they are most likely to make some very bad decisions because they don't have enough experience dealing with the different races and ethnicities and cultures that exist in the U.S."

“白人学生也因此失去了这种多元文化背景，这意味着当他们成为我们社会的决策者时，他们最有可能做出一些非常糟糕的决定，因为他们没有足够的经验来应对美国存在的不同种族、民族和文化。”