VOA健康报道2022 美国限制强生新冠疫苗的使用（在线收听）

American health officials have placed strong restrictions on the use of Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine. The treatment carries a risk of rare but serious blood clots.

美国卫生官员对强生公司的新冠疫苗施加了严格的限制。接种该疫苗有可能发生罕见但严重的血栓风险。

The United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, said the J&J shot should only be given to adults who cannot or will not accept a different COVID vaccine. U.S. health officials have suggested for months that Americans get Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna shots instead of J&J's vaccine.

美国食品和药品管理局表示，强生疫苗应该仅提供给不能或不愿接种其它新冠疫苗的成年人使用。几个月来，美国卫生官员一直建议美国人接种辉瑞或莫德纳的疫苗，而不是强生疫苗。

FDA vaccine chief Dr. Peter Marks said the agency acted after examining the data on the risk of life-threatening blood clots. The FDA found that the risk is limited to J&J's shot in the first two weeks after vaccination.

美国食品和药品管理局负责人彼得·马克斯表示，该机构在检查了有关致命血栓风险的数据后采取了行动。美国食品和药品管理局发现风险仅限于接种强生疫苗的前两周时间内。

"So if you had the vaccine six months ago you can sleep soundly tonight knowing this isn't an issue," Marks said.

马克斯表示：“因此如果你在六个月前接种了这种疫苗，你就会知道这不成问题，今晚可以睡个好觉。”

"But," he added, "compared to no vaccine-- this is still a better option."

他还表示：“但是跟不打疫苗相比，接种强生疫苗仍然是一个更好的选择。”

The FDA approved J&J's shot in February last year for adults. The vaccine was considered an important tool in fighting the pandemic because it required only one shot. But the single-shot vaccine proved less effective than those from Pfizer and Moderna.

美国食品和药品管理局于去年2月批准了强生公司的疫苗用于成人。这种疫苗被认为是抗击大流行的重要工具，因为它只需要接种一针。但是事实证明，这种单针疫苗的效果不如辉瑞和莫德纳的疫苗。

In December, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested Moderna and Pfizer shots over J&J's because of its safety issues.

去年12月，美国疾控预防中心建议接种莫德纳和辉瑞疫苗，而不是强生疫苗，因为它存在安全隐患。

As of mid-March, federal scientists had identified 60 cases of the side effect, including nine that resulted in death. That amounts to 3.23 blood clot cases per 1 million J&J shots. The problem is more common in women under 50, where the death rate was around 1 in one million shots, Marks said.

截至3月中旬，联邦科学家已经确定了60例副作用，其中9例导致死亡。这相当于每100万剂强生疫苗出现3.23例血栓病例。马克斯表示，这个问题在50岁以下女性中更为常见，她们的死亡率约为百万分之一。

The J&J COVID vaccine will carry a warning about possible "long-term and debilitating health consequences" of the side effect.

强生新冠疫苗将对可能产生“长期和使人衰弱的健康后果”这种副作用提出警告。

Under the new FDA orders, J&J's vaccine could still be given to people who had bad reactions to the other COVID vaccines. J&J's shot could also be given to people who refuse to receive the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna.

根据美国食品和药品管理局的新命令，强生疫苗仍然可以用于对其它新冠疫苗有不良反应的人士。强生疫苗也可用于拒绝接种辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗的人士。

A J&J spokesman said in an emailed statement: "Data continue to support a favorable benefit-risk profile for the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine in adults when compared with no vaccine."

强生公司发言人在一封电子邮件中表示：“与未接种疫苗相比，数据继续支持强生疫苗在成年人当中的有利效益风险状况。”

The blood clot problems were first reported last spring, with the J&J shot in the U.S. and with an AstraZeneca vaccine used elsewhere. At that time, U.S. health officials decided the benefit of J&J's vaccine outweighed what was considered a very rare risk.

血栓问题最早是在去年春天报道出来的，包括在美国接种的强生疫苗和其它地方接种的阿斯利康疫苗。当时，美国卫生官员认为强生疫苗的效益超过了被认为属于罕见的风险。

Symptoms of the rare blood clots include severe headaches, a week or two after the J&J vaccination, as well as stomach pain and nausea.

罕见血栓的症状包括接种强生疫苗一两个星期内的剧烈头痛、以及胃痛和恶心。

Pfizer and Moderna have provided a large majority of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. More than 200 million Americans have been fully vaccinated with the companies' two-shot vaccines while less than 17 million Americans got the J&J shot.

辉瑞和莫德纳在美国提供了大部分的新冠疫苗。超过2亿美国人已经完全接种了这两家公司的两针疫苗，而只有不到1700万美国人接种了强生疫苗。