VOA新闻杂志2022 报告称巴西官方无视森林砍伐（在线收听）

A recent study says illegal loggers have destroyed about 18,500 square kilometers of public forests over the past six years in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. But, the study says, the nation's Federal Police do not investigate the loss enough.

最近的一项研究表明，非法伐木者过去六年在巴西亚马逊雨林中毁坏了大约18500平方公里的公共森林。但是，该研究称，巴西联邦警察对该损失的调查并不充分。

The wood cutting took place in state and federal forests that are "unallocated." That means they are neither part of a national park nor are they considered native territories. Official data says the Brazilian Amazon has about 580,000 square kilometers of unallocated forest. That is an area almost the size of Ukraine.

伐木发生在州和联邦未划分的森林中。这意味着它们既不是国家公园的一部分，也不被视为当地管辖的领土。官方数据显示，巴西亚马逊地区拥有大约58万平方公里未划分的森林。这几乎相当于乌克兰的国土面积。

The public forests have become a target for criminals who illegally seize land.

公共森林已经成为非法侵占土地的犯罪分子的目标。

Igarapé Institute, a Brazilian policy research group, released the study. The group researched 369 environmental crime operations carried out by the Federal Police in the Amazon between 2016 and 2021. Only two percent targeted people illegally seizing unallocated public lands. It also found that the Federal Police created only seven operations to investigate this large loss.

巴西政策研究机构伊加拉佩研究所发布了这项研究。该机构调查了2016年到2021年间联邦警察在亚马逊地区开展的369起打击环境犯罪的行动。只有2%的行动目标是针对非法占有未划分公共土地的人士。它还发现，联邦警察只发起了7次行动来调查这一巨大损失。

The Federal Police did not answer The Associated Press's request for comment about its work in the Amazon.

联邦警察没有回应美联社要求就其在亚马逊地区的工作发表评论的请求。

The report said the lack of enforcement likely comes from the weak legal protection of these areas. Environmentalists have long pressed the federal government to turn unallocated public forests into protected areas.

报告称，执法不力可能源于这些地区的法律保护不够。环保主义者长期以来一直敦促联邦政府将未划分的公共森林变为保护区。

Brazil returned to democratic rule in 1985 after 20 years of military rule. Most of the democratic governments have expanded protected forests. Today about 47 percent of the Amazon is protected land, official data says. But President Jair Bolsonaro has said the country has too many protected areas and has slowed adding new protected land.

巴西在经历了20年的军事统治后，于1985年恢复了民主统治。大多数届的民主政府都扩大了森林保护区。官方数据显示，如今亚马逊大约47%的土地受到保护。但是总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗曾表示，该国的保护区太多，并且放慢了增加新保护区的速度。

In 2016, about 2,240 square kilometers of unallocated public land were illegally harvested for wood. Last year, that area reportedly almost doubled. Over six years, the total amount of land with illegal harvesting activity reached 18,500 square kilometers. That information comes from the Amazon Environmental Research Institute which is linked to the World Bank.

2016年，约有2240平方公里的未划分公共土地被非法采伐木材。据报道去年该面积几乎翻了一番。六年多来，非法采伐土地总量达到了18500平方公里。该信息来自于与世界银行存在关联的亚马逊环境研究所。

Deforestation is increasingly taking place on unallocated lands. In 2016, unallocated land made up 31 percent of all illegally cut forest. Last year, the amount reached 36 percent.

森林砍伐越来越多地发生在未划分土地上。2016年，未划分土地占所有非法砍伐森林面积的31%。去年，这一数字占到了36%。

The Brazilian nonprofit group Climate Observatory said that almost half of Brazil's climate pollution comes from deforestation. The group said there is so much destruction that the eastern Amazon has, on average, stopped absorbing carbon gasses from the Earth's atmosphere. Instead, a study published in 2021 in the journal Nature suggests it is now turning into a source of carbon gasses. Carbon gasses are blamed for trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.

巴西非营利组织气候观测组织表示，巴西近一半的气候污染来自于森林砍伐。该组织表示，破坏是如此之大，平均而言，亚马逊东部已经停止从地球大气中吸收碳气体。相反，2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究表明，它现在正变为碳气体的来源。碳气体被认为在地球大气中捕获热量。

Igarapé divides environmental crime in the Amazon into four major illegal activities: stealing of public land; illegal logging; illegal mining; and deforestation connected to agriculture and cattle raising.

伊加拉佩研究所将亚马逊地区的环境犯罪分为四大非法活动：盗窃公共土地、非法砍伐、非法采矿，以及与农业和养牛相关的森林砍伐。

The enforcement operations were spread over 846 places. Nearly half were in protected areas, like the Yanomami Indigenous Territory. The area has a heavier police presence but has still been invaded by thousands of illegal gold miners.

执法行动分布在846个地区。其中近一半位于保护区，例如亚诺马米土著领地。该地区的警察人数较多，但仍有数千名非法淘金者闯入。

The Igarapé study also pointed to a large "ecosystem of crime," as the police operations took place in 24 of Brazil's 27 states including eight cities in neighboring countries.

伊加拉佩研究所的研究还指出了一个庞大的“犯罪生态系统”，因为警方行动发生在巴西27个州中的24个州，包括邻国的8个城市。

"Environmental crime stems from illicit economies that access consumer markets and financing outside the Amazon," the report said.

该报告称：“环境犯罪源于进入消费者市场的非法经济活动以及亚马逊以外的融资。”