VOA新闻杂志2022 COP27将特别关注中东的气候问题（在线收听）

This year's United Nations climate change conference, known as COP27, is being held in Egypt in November.

今年的联合国气候变化大会，即第27届联合国气候变化大会，将于11月在埃及举行。

The conference will pay special attention to climate problems of the Middle East.

这次大会将特别关注中东的气候问题。

The U.N. wants to talk about the damage that climate problems have already caused Middle Eastern economies.

联合国希望讨论气候问题已经对中东经济造成的损害。

Financing for climate change adaptation – the process of dealing with the effects of climate change - will be an important issue.

为气候变化适应（应对气候变化影响的过程）提供资金将是一个重要的问题。

In Iraq, sandstorms have hit cities often this year.

在伊拉克，今年沙尘暴经常袭击城市。

The wind storms shut down businesses and sent thousands of people to hospitals.

风暴导致企业关闭，数千人被送往医院。

In Egypt's Nile River Delta, rising soil salt levels are eating away farmland.

在埃及的尼罗河三角洲，不断增加的土壤含盐量正在侵蚀农田。

And in Afghanistan, drought has helped fuel the movement of young people from their homes to cities in search of work.

在阿富汗，干旱促使年轻人离开家乡到城市寻找工作。

Average temperatures in the Middle East have risen far faster than the world's average in the past 30 years.

在过去的30年里，中东地区的平均气温上升速度远高于世界平均速度。

That information comes from the International Monetary Fund.

这一信息来自国际货币基金组织。

And in recent weeks, temperatures in some parts of the region have reached 50 degrees Celsius.

最近几周，该地区部分地区的气温达到了50摄氏度。

Lama El Hatow is an expert on environmental climate change.

拉玛·埃尔哈托是环境气候变化方面的专家。

"More and more states are starting to understand that it's necessary" to act, she said.

她说：“越来越多的国家开始认识到采取行动的必要性”。

Egypt, Morocco and other countries in the region have been increasing programs for clean energy production, like solar energy.

埃及、摩洛哥和该地区的其他国家一直在增加太阳能等清洁能源生产项目。

Countries meeting at COP-27 want to push for more international financing to help Middle Eastern countries deal with climate change problems.

参加第27届联合国气候变化大会的国家希望推动更多的国际融资，以帮助中东国家应对气候变化问题。

The U.N. has warned that the Middle East's crop production could drop 30 percent by 2025.

联合国警告称，到2025年，中东地区的农作物产量可能会下降30%。

The region is expected to lose 6 to 14 percent of its GDP by 2050.

预计到2050年，该地区的生产总值将减少6%至14%。

The World Bank says the reason for the lost economic activity is water scarcity.

世界银行表示，经济活动减少的原因是缺水。

In Egypt, rain levels have fallen 22 percent in the past 30 years.

在埃及，降雨量在过去30年里下降了22%。

Droughts are expected to take place more often and to be more severe.

预计将会发生更频繁、更严重的干旱。

The U.S. space agency NASA says the Eastern Mediterranean area has had its worst drought in 900 years.

美国航空航天局表示，地中海东部地区遭遇了900年来最严重的干旱。

That is bad news for countries like Syria and Lebanon where agriculture depends on rainfall.

对于叙利亚和黎巴嫩等农业依赖降雨的国家来说，这是个坏消息。

The climate damage could also have bad social effects.

气候破坏也可能会产生不良的社会影响。

Karim Elgendy is with Chatham House, a policy group based in London.

卡里姆·埃尔根迪就职于总部位于伦敦的政策组织英国皇家国际事务研究所。

Elgendy said many people in the Middle East who lose jobs in agriculture or tourism will move to cities looking for work.

埃尔根迪说，中东地区许多失去工作的农业或旅游业从业者将会搬到城市找工作。

Such changes, Elgendy said, will likely increase unemployment in cities and could raise social problems and affect security.

埃尔根迪说，这些变化可能会增加城市的失业率并引发社会问题，影响安全。

Changing infrastructure and economies to deal with the damage will be costly.

为处理损失而进行基础设施和经济改革的代价是高昂的。

The IMF estimates that all these changes will cost 3.3 percent of the region's GDP every year for the next 10 years.

国际货币基金组织估计，未来10年，所有这些变化每年将消耗该地区生产总值的3.3%。

The spending has to go toward many needs.

这些支出必须用于满足许多需求。

These include better water use systems and new agricultural methods.

其中包括更好的用水系统和新的农业方法。

Other costs include increasing social programs and public information campaigns.

其他费用包括增加社会项目和公共信息活动。

One of the top issues for developing nations at this year's meeting will be to press rich nations to provide billions of dollars in promised climate financing.

在今年的会议上，发展中国家的首要问题之一将是向富裕国家施压，要求它们提供其承诺的数十亿美元的气候融资。

So far, most of the money provided has gone to helping poorer countries pay for reducing greenhouse gas emissions — a process known as "mitigation."

到目前为止，提供的大部分资金都用于帮助较贫穷国家支付减少温室气体排放（这一过程被称为“缓解”）的费用。

Developing nations also want richer countries to show how they will carry out a promise from the last climate meeting to provide $500 billion in financing over the next five years.

发展中国家还希望较富裕的国家表明它们将如何履行上次气候大会所作出的承诺，即在未来五年内提供5000亿美元的资金。

The idea is to ensure at least half the financing is for adaptation, not mitigation.

这个想法确保至少一半的资金用于气候适应，而不是用于缓解。

However, inflation and a possible economic recession could make big nations slow to act.

然而，通货膨胀和可能的经济衰退可能会使大国行动迟缓。

International officials often pay attention to emissions reductions, El Hatow said.

埃尔哈托说，国际官员经常关注减排问题。

She said the countries of Africa, the Middle East and other places in the developing world are not the biggest causes of climate change.

她说，位于非洲、中东等处于发展中世界的地区的国家并不是气候变化的最大原因。

But, many of these countries will deal with the worst effects of it.

但是，其中许多国家将应对其最严重的影响。

"We need to talk about financing for adaptation," she said, "to adapt to a problem they developing countries did not cause."

“我们需要讨论为气候适应融资的问题，”她说，“以适应一个不是由发展中国家造成的问题。”

I'm John Russell.

约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。