VOA新闻杂志2022 欧洲蜜蜂"营养不良"（在线收听）

A large European beekeeper group held its yearly meeting this week in France.

本周，一个大型欧洲养蜂人组织在法国举行了年度会议。

The group said it is concerned about the effects of climate change, parasites and pesticides on both bees and the world food supply.

该组织表示，其担心气候变化、寄生虫和杀虫剂对蜜蜂和世界粮食供应所产生的影响。

The beekeepers said bees are dying in large amounts.

养蜂人表示，蜜蜂正在大量死亡。

They also noted that bees are not producing as much honey as in the past.

他们还指出，蜜蜂生产的蜂蜜没有过去多。

The beekeepers said Europe only produces about 60 percent of the honey it consumes.

养蜂人表示，欧洲只生产了其消耗的蜂蜜的大约60%。

Production in France, the group said, has fallen by more than 50 percent since the 1990s.

该组织表示，自20世纪90年代以来，法国的蜂蜜产量下降了50%以上。

The beekeeping group said its announcement about the bee situation in Europe gives beekeepers and scientists a chance to react to climate concerns.

该养蜂组织表示，其关于欧洲蜜蜂状况的声明给养蜂人和科学家提供了一个对气候问题做出反应的机会。

The spokesperson for the National Union of French Beekeepers is Henri Clement.

法国养蜂人全国联盟的发言人是亨利·克莱门特。

He is a beekeeper from southeastern France.

他是来自法国东南部的养蜂人。

He said he has been working as a beekeeper and trying to keep bees healthy for 30 years.

他说，30年来，他一直是一名养蜂人，一直在努力让蜜蜂保持健康。

However, if he had to consider a career for himself today, he said, he might not want to raise bees.

然而，他说，如果现在他必须考虑自己的职业生涯，他可能不想养蜜蜂了。

He is close to retirement and wonders if young people will take up the work.

他快要退休了，他想知道年轻人是否会从事这项工作。

The people at the event were all talking about chemicals known as pesticides, which hurt bees.

参加活动的人都在谈论一种叫做杀虫剂的化学物质，这种化学物质会伤害蜜蜂。

They also discussed climate change and invasive insects and parasites that kill bees and harm beehives.

他们还讨论了气候变化以及导致蜜蜂死亡和危害蜂箱的入侵昆虫和寄生虫。

Jeff Pettis is an insect expert based in the United States.

杰夫·佩蒂斯是美国的昆虫专家。

He is also president of Apimondia, a group that represents beekeepers in 110 countries.

他也是Apimondia的主席，Apimondia是一个代表110个国家养蜂人的组织。

He said bees are at risk because of climate change.

他说，由于气候变化，蜜蜂正处于危险之中。

When some parts of the world are hotter and drier than in the past, the plants that bees depend on cannot grow.

当世界上的一些地区比过去更热更干燥时，蜜蜂所依赖的植物就无法生长。

Sometimes, he said, “there are no flowers.”

有时，他说，“没有花。”

Without flowers, bees cannot collect pollen, which means they can die of hunger.

没有花，蜜蜂就无法采集花粉，这意味着它们可能会饿死。

Pettis also said wildfires hurt bees.

佩蒂斯还说，野火伤害了蜜蜂。

He called the fires “a big issue.”

他称火灾是“一个大问题”。

Pettis wrote a report in the past about the plant called goldenrod, which produces a large amount of pollen.

佩蒂斯过去曾写过一篇有关麒麟草的报告，这种植物能产生大量的花粉。

He wrote that, as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grows, the amount of protein in pollen decreases.

他写道，随着大气中二氧化碳含量的增加，花粉中的蛋白质含量会减少。

Many of the bees in North America depend on goldenrod pollen to get through winter.

北美的许多蜜蜂依靠麒麟草的花粉过冬。

He said the pollen problem could affect other plants, too.

他说，花粉问题可能也会影响到其他植物。

In both France and the United States, between 30 and 40 percent of beehives are dying each winter.

在法国和美国，每年冬天30%到40%的蜂箱里的蜜蜂死亡。

French researcher Jean-Marc Bonmatin said some pesticides hurt bees more than others.

法国研究人员Jean-Marc Bonmatin说，一些杀虫剂对蜜蜂的伤害比其他杀虫剂更大。

A kind of pesticide called a neonicotinoid is absorbed, or taken in, by the entire plant.

一种叫做新烟碱的杀虫剂会被整株植物吸收。

Other pesticides only affect the part of the plant upon which they are applied.

其他杀虫剂只作用于被施药的那部分植物。

The neonicotinoids can affect the pollen and nectar that is taken in by the bees.

新烟碱类杀虫剂会影响蜜蜂吸收的花粉和花蜜。

The pesticides then poison the bees.

之后杀虫剂会毒死蜜蜂。

Beginning in 2013, the European Union restricted the use of some of these pesticides.

从2013年开始，欧盟限制了一些杀虫剂的使用。

The EU banned them fully in 2018.

欧盟在2018年全面禁止使用这些杀虫剂。

However, some countries are permitting farmers to use them again under “emergency authorizations.”

然而，一些国家在“紧急授权”下允许农民再次使用它们。

Bonmatin said there is one thing that might help farmers make better choices.

Bonmatin说，有一件事可以帮助农民做出更好的选择。

A newly developed computer program will permit them to find out if the pesticide they want to use is harmful to bees.

一种新开发的计算机程序能让他们查明他们想使用的杀虫剂是否对蜜蜂有害。

The farmers will not have to pay for the computer program.

农民不必为该计算机程序付费。

Pettis noted that there are ways people can help bees.

佩蒂斯指出，人们可以通过很多方法帮助蜜蜂。

He said farmers should start planting a wide range of crops, and not depend as much on crops that need pesticides.

他说，农民应该开始种植多种农作物，而不是过度依赖需要杀虫剂的作物。

He called that kind of farming “sustainable” and “organic.”

他称这种耕作方式是“可持续的”和“有机的”。

In addition, he said, bees can sometimes survive on their own without special help from humans.

此外，他说，蜜蜂有时可以在没有人类特殊帮助的情况下独立生存。

He talked about a black bee found in the northwestern part of France.

他谈到了在法国西北部发现的一种黑蜂。

The bee is still living even though it has been attacked by parasites and not given extra food by humans.

尽管这种蜜蜂受到了寄生虫的攻击，也没有得到人类提供的额外食物，但它仍然活着。

He said the bees “survive pretty well even without us.”

他说，这种蜜蜂“即使没有我们，也能活得很好。”

I’m Dan Friedell.

丹·弗里德尔为您播报。