科学美国人60秒 改变肺癌轨迹(1)（在线收听）

Any cancer diagnosis is devastating, but patients with lung cancer face an especially daunting journey.

确诊任何癌症都是毁灭性的，但肺癌患者会面临一段特别令人生畏的旅程。

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world.

肺癌是世界上癌症死亡的主要原因。

It’s difficult to detect in its early stages and hard to treat once it's finally discovered.

肺癌在早期阶段很难发现，一旦发现肺癌也很难治疗了。

But there’s hope on the horizon.

不过有望治好癌症。

Dr. Avrum Spira is leading a multidisciplinary team that’s taking a convergent approach to target the root cause of the disease and detect lung cancer before it develops to help improve patient outcomes.

阿维鲁姆·斯皮拉博士正在领导一个多学科团队，该团队正在采取一种融合的方法来找出这种疾病的根本原因，并在进展成肺癌之前检测出该疾病，以帮助改善患者的预后。

It’s all part of his efforts as Global Head of the Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson.

这是他作为强生肺癌倡议全球负责人所做的努力的一部分。

Scientific American Custom Media recently sat down with Dr. Spira to learn more about his work and the future of lung cancer treatment.

《科学美国人定制媒体》最近采访了斯皮拉博士，了解他的工作以及肺癌治疗的未来。

Avi Spira learned about the devastating effects of lung cancer early in his career.

阿维·斯皮拉在他职业生涯的早期就知道了肺癌的破坏性影响。

I was a medical resident at that time, and all of a sudden, I got a call one weekend.

当时我是一名住院医生，突然，一个周末我接到了一个电话。

It was about his aunt.

这是关于他阿姨的故事。

She was full of life.

她充满了活力。

Always, since I've known her from a young age.

一直都是，因为我很小的时候就认识她了。

And she had lived a very healthy life, never smoked, exercised, ate well.

她过着非常健康的生活，从不吸烟，锻炼，吃得很好。

But, she had fluid around her lungs.

但是，她的肺部周围有积液。

And it turned out within a few days, they diagnosed her as having stage four lung cancer.

结果在几天内，他们诊断她患有肺癌，进展到了四期。

And her prognosis was, she would only live a few months.

她的预后是只能活几个月。

While she fought valiantly against the disease, she died within a year of her diagnosis.

她勇敢地与疾病作斗争，但她在确诊后一年去世了。

Watching her take her last breath was incredibly traumatic.

看着她咽下最后一口气让我非常痛苦。

But also, I realized at that point in my career that I wanted to do something to change the trajectory of this disease.

但同时，在我职业生涯的那个时刻，我意识到我想做点什么来改变这种疾病的发展轨迹。

Avi’s aunt was a case of a non-smoker getting lung cancer.

阿维的阿姨是一名不吸烟的肺癌患者。

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer because it's almost always diagnosed at an advanced stage.

肺癌是最致命的癌症，因为这种疾病几乎总是到晚期才能被诊断出来。

It’s easy to not know you have lung cancer, because of the way it develops.

由于肺癌的进展方式，人们不容易知道自己患有肺癌。

It starts insidiously as a little, small group of cells deep within your lung tissue, doesn't impair your breathing, you don't have chest pain, you're not coughing up blood, and it grows silently over months, and potentially years.

这种疾病始于肺组织深处的一小群细胞，不会损害呼吸，不会胸痛，不会咳嗽出血，它会悄悄地生长数月，甚至数年。

And by the time you start feeling it, it's too late.

当开始感觉到肺癌的时候，已经太晚了。

As Avi moved forward with his career he did so with a focus on the early detection of lung cancer.

随着阿维事业的发展，他专注于肺癌的早期检测。

As an academic, I spent 15 years making some amazing discoveries in the lung cancer space about diagnosing lung cancer earlier, but it was so hard to translate those discoveries into patient benefit, very hard to do as an academic.

作为一名学者，我花了15年时间在肺癌领域找出了一些关于早期诊断肺癌的惊人发现，但使这些发现受益于患者是非常困难的，作为一个学者很难做到。

Avi wasn’t satisfied with those discoveries.

阿维对这些发现并不满意。

He wanted to see them used in the real world to help patients — right away.

他希望看到这些发现能在现实世界中被用来立刻帮助病人。

I became a serial entrepreneur.

我成了一名创业者。

And I started three companies, one of which took one of my early detection tests for lung cancer, and successfully commercialized it.

我开了三家公司，其中一家采用了我的一项肺癌早期检测测试，并成功地将其商业化。

It took us over a decade to go from the discovery in 2007 to seeing it actually in the clinic helping patients.

我们花了十多年的时间才把2007年的发现运用到诊所里帮助病人。

That’s why, while he was working as a consultant for Johnson & Johnson, he saw an incredible opportunity.

这就是为什么当他在强生公司担任顾问时，他看到了一个令人难以置信的机会。

The company was looking for a way to use the full breadth and depth of its resources to transform the way we prevent, detect, and treat a specific disease.

该公司正在寻找一种方法，以充分利用其资源的广度和深度，改变我们预防、检测和治疗特定疾病的方式。