VOA今日美国2023 美国将公布最严汽车排放新提案（在线收听）

The administration of U.S. President Joe Biden is aiming for new rules to push electric vehicle sales in the United States.

美国总统乔·拜登领导的政府正在制定新规定，以推动电动汽车在美国的销售。

Biden wants the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, to place new restrictions on pollution coming from cars and trucks.

拜登希望美国国家环境保护局对轿车和卡车造成的污染施加新的限制。

The effect of the rules is that most new vehicles sold in the U.S. will need to be electric by 2032.

这些规定的影响是，到2032年，在美国销售的大多数新车都是电动汽车。

The new rules limit pollution that can come from cars and trucks produced between 2027 and 2032.

新规定限制了在2027年至2032年期间生产的轿车和卡车可能产生的污染。

The proposal is stronger than the one automakers agreed to less than two years ago.

这项提议比汽车制造商不到两年前达成的提议更强硬。

The plan could be put in place by 2024.

该计划可能会在2024年实施。

It is part of Biden's stated goal to cut in half greenhouse gasses from the U.S. by 2030.

这是拜登提出的到2030年将美国的温室气体排放量减少一半的目标的一部分。

Scientists say greenhouse gasses trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere.

科学家表示，温室气体将热量保留在地球大气层中。

Here are details about the EPA's proposal.

以下是环保局提案的细节。

The EPA will not tell automakers how many electric vehicles they must sell each year.

美国国家环境保护局没有提到汽车制造商每年必须销售的电动汽车数量。

Instead, the government's pollution restrictions will influence the kinds of cars and trucks automakers can offer.

相反，美国政府的污染限制将影响汽车制造商能够提供的轿车和卡车的种类。

The EPA believes most smaller vehicles sold by 2032 will be electric and just under 50 percent of larger vehicles, such as trucks, will be electric.

美国国家环境保护局认为，到2032年，销售的大多数小型汽车都是电动汽车，而卡车等大型汽车将有不到50%是电动的。

The head of the EPA is Michael Regan.

美国国家环境保护局局长是迈克尔·里根。

Biden appointed him to lead the agency in 2021.

拜登于2021年任命他领导该机构。

Regan said the plan is "the most ambitious…ever for cars and trucks."

里根说，该计划是“有史以来对轿车和卡车实施的最宏大的计划”。

He said it would result in cleaner air and lower fuel costs for Americans.

他说，这将为美国人带来更清洁的空气和更低的燃料成本。

John Bozzella is the leader of an automotive trade group called the Alliance for Automotive Innovation.

约翰·博泽拉是汽车贸易组织“汽车创新联盟”的领导人。

He called the new plan "aggressive" and expressed concern that the goals are too high.

他称新计划是“激进的”，并对目标过高表示担忧。

He said the Biden administration announced a policy less than two years ago that was already difficult for automakers to put in place.

他说，拜登政府在不到两年前宣布了一项汽车制造商很难实施的政策。

That policy required 50 percent of all new vehicles to be electric by 2030.

这项政策要求到2030年，50%的新车是电动汽车。

Bozzella called that plan a "stretch goal."

博泽拉称该计划为“延伸目标”。

He said the success of either plan still depends on two important factors: First, automakers must be able to produce enough electric vehicles to reach the goals.

他说，任何一项计划的成功仍取决于两个重要因素：首先，汽车制造商必须能够生产足够多的电动汽车来实现目标。

Second, most Americans need to be able to pay for the new cars.

其次，大多数美国人需要有能力购买新车。

Bozzella said the question is not whether this can be done; "It's how fast can it be done?"

博泽拉说，问题不是这件事能否做到，而是能以多快的速度完成。

He said the new plan requires "the right policies and market conditions."

他说，新计划需要“正确的政策和市场条件”。

The EPA says the new requirements would reduce pollution from vehicles by 56 percent compared to the rules set for vehicles made in 2026.

美国环保局表示，与2026年为汽车制定的规定相比，新要求将减少56%的汽车污染。

They would improve air quality and save car owners thousands of dollars in fuel costs.

它们将改善空气质量，并为车主节省数千美元的燃料成本。

In addition, the U.S. would not need to import as much oil.

此外，美国将不需要进口那么多的石油。

In the first three months of 2023, electric vehicles accounted for 7.2 percent of all vehicles sold in the U.S.

在2023年的前三个月，电动汽车销量占美国汽车总销量的7.2%。

Electric vehicle sales appear to be increasing.

电动汽车的销量似乎在增加。

Last year, 5.8 percent of all new vehicles sold were electric.

去年，售出的所有新车中有5.8%是电动汽车。

Automotive industry experts and research organizations say the cost of electric vehicles and the difficulty of charging them will continue to be a problem for Americans.

汽车行业专家和研究机构表示，电动汽车的成本和充电难度仍将是美国人面临的一个问题。

LMC Automotive is an industry research company.

LMC Automotive是一家行业研究公司。

It said new electric vehicle sales could make up 49 percent of all sales by 2032.

该公司表示，到2032年，新的电动汽车销量可能占到总销量的49%。

But the number may not go above that until costs come down.

但在成本下降之前，这个数字可能不会超过49%。

A recent public opinion study said most Americans do not want to buy electric cars.

最近的一项民意调查显示，大多数美国人不想购买电动汽车。

Only 19 percent of those who took part said the next time they buy a car; it will be electric.

在参与调查的人中，只有19%的人表示，他们下次会买电动汽车。

Just under half said they were unlikely to buy an electric car.

不到一半的人表示，他们不太可能购买电动汽车。

One member of the Biden administration, however, said the goals are reachable with the "lead time" they have.

然而，拜登政府的一名成员表示，这些目标是可以在他们制定的“交付周期”内实现的。

Ali Zaidi is Biden's climate adviser.

阿里·扎伊迪是拜登的气候顾问。

He said the number of electric cars available has doubled and sales have tripled since Biden took office.

他说，自拜登上任以来，电动汽车的数量翻了一番，销量增加了两倍。

"The automakers have…technology and infrastructure and supply chain to be able to achieve this," Zaidi said.

扎伊迪说：“汽车制造商拥有能够实现这一目标的技术、基础设施和供应链。”

Transportation is said to be the largest producer of carbon gasses in the U.S.

据说，运输业是美国最大的碳排放者。

The EPA said transportation uses produced about 27 percent of gasses released in 2020.

美国环保局表示，2020年排放的气体中，约有27%是由交通运输业产生的。

Electric power production came second with 25 percent of gases produced.

其次是电力生产业，产生了25%的气体。

Environmental groups say reducing pollution from cars and trucks would clean the air.

环保组织表示，减少轿车和卡车的污染将会净化空气。

They say less carbon gasses will reduce problems from bad weather such as hurricanes, tornadoes and fires.

他们说，减少碳排放将减少飓风、龙卷风和火灾等恶劣天气带来的问题。

The Biden administration is offering some Americans help in purchasing electric vehicles in the form of a tax credit.

拜登政府以税收抵免的形式向一些购买电动汽车的美国人提供帮助。

However, the reduced taxes are only available to Americans with incomes below a certain level.

然而，减税只适用于收入低于一定水平的美国人。

In addition, not all cars and trucks qualify for the full tax credit.

此外，并不是所有的轿车和卡车都有资格享受全额税收抵免。

Kelley Blue Book is a company that reports on the price of new and used vehicles.

凯利蓝皮书是一家报告新车和二手车价格的公司。

It said the smaller credit might not be enough to persuade Americans to buy electric cars.

它表示，较小的税收抵免额度可能不足以说服美国人购买电动汽车。

Right now, the average cost of an electric vehicle is about $58,000.

目前，一辆电动汽车的平均价格约为5.8万美元。

I'm Dan Friedell.

丹·弗里德尔为您播报。