VOA今日美国2023 越来越多的伊朗女性放弃戴头巾（在线收听）

More Iranian women are choosing not to wear the head covering called the hijab.

越来越多的伊朗女性选择不戴头巾。

Since the early years of Iran's Islamic Revolution, women have been required to cover their heads by law.

自伊朗伊斯兰革命初期以来，法律规定女性必须遮盖头部。

Today, many public signs urge women to wear head coverings to honor their mothers.

如今，许多公共标志敦促女性戴头巾来纪念她们的母亲。

In recent weeks, the Iranian government has increased efforts to enforce its law requiring women to wear the hijab.

最近几周，伊朗政府加大力度执行要求女性戴头巾的法律。

It has closed some businesses for serving women not covering their heads.

伊朗政府已经关闭了一些为不戴头巾的女性提供服务的企业。

The government also has given warnings in public places and sent text message warnings to drivers carrying women without head coverings.

伊朗政府还在公共场所发出警告，并向搭载未戴头巾的女性的司机发出短信警告。

More women have chosen not to wear the hijab after months of protests following the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini.

在22岁的马赫萨·阿米尼去世后，经过数月的抗议活动，越来越多的女性选择不戴头巾。

Amini died in September 2022 while being detained by police for wearing her hijab too loosely in public.

2022年9月，阿米尼因在公共场合戴头巾太松而被警方拘留，之后死亡。

Some women say they are fighting for more freedom in Iran and for a better future for their daughters.

一些妇女表示，她们是在为伊朗争取更多的自由，为她们的女儿争取更美好的未来。

They also say the government will not be able to enforce the hijab law if more women refuse to wear it.

她们还表示，如果更多的妇女拒绝戴头巾，政府将无法执行头巾法。

"Do they want to close down all businesses?" said Shervin, a 23-year-old student in Tehran.

德黑兰23岁的学生谢文说：“他们想关闭所有企业吗？”

"If I go to a police station, will they shut it down too?"

“如果我去警察局，他们也会把它关掉吗？”

However, the women worry about risk.

然而，女性担心风险。

The women who spoke to the Associated Press only gave their first names because they feared punishment.

接受美联社采访的女性只透露了她们的名字，因为她们害怕受到惩罚。

Vida is 29. She said a decision by her and two of her friends to stop covering their hair in public is about more than headscarves.

维达今年29岁。她说，她和她的两个朋友决定不再在公共场合遮住头发，这不仅仅是头巾的问题。

"This is a message for the government, leave us alone," she said.

她说：“这是给政府的一个信息，别来烦我们”。

Before September, it was rare to see women without hijabs.

在9月份之前，很少看到不戴头巾的女性。

Today, it is common in some areas of Tehran to see women without them.

如今，在德黑兰的一些地区，女性不戴头巾是很常见的。

Many Muslim women wear the hijab as a sign of respect for God and modesty in front of men outside of their families.

许多穆斯林妇女在家人以外的男性面前戴头巾是对真主的尊重和谦虚的表现。

Before the 1979 Revolution, many middle- and upper-class women chose not to wear the hijab.

在1979年革命前，许多中上层阶级的女性选择不戴头巾。

In 1983, head coverings in public became required by law.

1983年，法律要求女性在公共场合戴头巾。

Punishments for breaking the hijab law include fines and up to two months in prison.

违反头巾法的惩罚包括罚款和最高两个月的监禁。

In early April, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei declared that "removing the hijab is not Islamically or politically permissible."

4月初，伊朗最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊宣布，“从伊斯兰教或政治上讲，摘掉头巾都是不允许的。”

He also claimed that "enemy spies" were the ones pushing women not to wear the hijab.

他还声称，是“敌方间谍”在鼓动女性不要戴头巾。

On April 25, officials closed a large shopping mall in northern Tehran for several days.

4月25日，官员关闭了德黑兰北部的一家大型购物中心数日。

The move came after women with their hair showing were seen spending time with men in a bowling alley.

在此之前，有人看到露出头发的女性在保龄球馆与男性共度时光。

"It is a collective punishment," said Nodding Kasra, a 32-year-old salesman at a clothing shop in the mall.

该购物中心一家服装店32岁的销售员诺德·卡斯拉点头说：“这是一种集体惩罚。”

"They closed a mall with hundreds of workers over some customers' hair?"

“他们因为一些顾客的头发就关闭了一家有数百名员工的商场？”

The reformist Iranian newspaper Shargh said police have shut down over 2,000 businesses across the country over admitting women not wearing the hijab.

伊朗改革派报纸《资讯报》称，警方已经关闭了全国2000多家允许女性不戴头巾的企业。

Some experts warn that business owners might push back against the government.

一些专家警告称，企业主可能会反抗政府。

However, there are signs the government might enforce the rules even more severely.

然而，有迹象表明，政府可能会更加严厉地执行这些规定。

Government offices no longer provide services to women not covering their hair, after some had in recent months.

政府机构不再为不遮盖头发的女性提供服务，最近几个月，有些机构已经这样做了。

Some religious leaders said the government should use soldiers, as well as the all-volunteer Basij force of Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard, to enforce the hijab law.

一些宗教领袖表示，政府应该动用士兵，以及伊朗准军事革命卫队的巴斯杰全志愿部队来执行头巾法。

Police also said cameras with "artificial intelligence" will find women not wearing their head covering.

警方还表示，“人工智能”摄像头会发现没有戴头巾的女性。

However, it is unclear if such a system is currently working.

然而，目前尚不清楚这样的系统是否正在运转。

Thirty-three-year-old Sorayya said she is already fighting for a bigger goal by going without a headscarf.

33岁的索拉亚说，她通过不戴头巾的方式在为一个更大的目标而战。

"I don't want my daughter to be under the same ideologic pressures that I and my generation lived through," she said. "This is for a better future for my daughter."

“我不希望我的女儿承受我和我这一代人所经历的意识形态压力，”她说。“这是为了我女儿有一个更美好的未来而战。”

I'm Andrew Smith. And I'm Jill Robbins.

安德鲁·史密斯、吉尔·罗宾斯为您共同播报。