VOA今日美国2023 地球现在病得很重?（在线收听）

Earth is now considered to be in a "danger zone," a new study says.

一项新的研究表明，如今地球被认为处于“危险区域”。

An international group of scientists called Earth Commission did the study.

一个名为地球委员会的国际科学家组织进行了这项研究。

It appeared in the publication Nature.

它发表在《自然》杂志上。

The researchers report that conditions on Earth have pushed past seven of eight safety limits established by science.

研究人员报告称，地球上的环境已经超过了八分之七的科学确定的安全极限。

The experts say the planet is very sick and all life, humans included, face extreme risks as a result.

专家表示，地球已经病重，因此，包括人类在内的所有生命都面临着极端的风险。

The study examines climate, air pollution, fertilizer pollution in water, groundwater supplies, fresh surface water, the unbuilt natural environment and the larger human-built environment.

这项研究着眼于气候、空气污染、水中的化肥污染、地下水供应、新鲜地表水、未建成的自然环境和更大范围的人类建造的环境。

The research shows each of those areas have passed into dangerous conditions worldwide.

研究表明，这些地区在全球范围内都已进入危险状态。

Only air pollution is within the identified safety zone, the scientists report.

科学家报告称，只有空气污染在确定的安全区内。

However, the report notes that air pollution is dangerous at local levels.

然而，该报告指出，空气污染在地方层面上是危险的。

The study found problem "hot spot" areas throughout the world, much of it from climate change.

这项研究发现了全球都存在问题“热点”地区，其中大部分是由气候变化造成的。

About two-thirds of Earth does not meet safe levels for freshwater supply, scientists said.

科学家表示，地球上约三分之二的地区没有达到淡水供应的安全标准。

Joyeeta Gupta is the Earth Commission co-chair and professor of environment at the University of Amsterdam.

乔耶塔·古普塔是地球委员会联合主席，也是阿姆斯特丹大学的环境学教授。

She told reporters that if planet Earth went to a medical exam, "our doctor would say that the Earth is really quite sick right now and it … is also affecting the people living on Earth."

她告诉记者，如果地球去做体检，“我们的医生会说，地球现在真的病得很重，而且它也在影响生活在地球上的人。”

But the planet can recover if people make changes, the researchers report.

但研究人员报告称，如果人们做出改变，地球可以恢复。

Such reforms would include reducing the use of coal, oil and natural gas and improving treatment of land and water, the scientists said.

科学家表示，这些改革将包括减少煤炭、石油和天然气的使用，以及改善土地和水的处理方式。

But "we are moving in the wrong direction on basically all of these," said study lead author Johan Rockstrom, from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.

但该研究的主要作者、德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰·罗克斯特罗姆说：“我们在所有这些问题上基本上都在朝着错误的方向前进。”

The team of about 40 scientists created measurable boundaries for each environmental category.

这个由大约40名科学家组成的团队为每一种环境类别都设定了可量化的界限。

They decided the level where it is safe for the planet.

他们决定了对地球来说安全的界限。

The point at which it becomes harmful for groups of people, the researchers called a justice issue.

即变得对人群有害的界限，研究人员称其为公正问题。

Rockstrom said he thinks of those points as setting up "a safety fence" outside of which the risks become higher, but not necessarily disastrous.

罗克斯特罗姆说，他认为这些界限就像是建立了一道“安全围栏”，在围栏之外，风险会变得更高，但不一定是灾难性的。

Rockstrom and other scientists have attempted in the past this type of measuring of Earth's connected ecosystems.

罗克斯特罗姆和其他科学家过去曾试图对地球上相互关联的生态系统进行这种类型的测量。

The big difference in this attempt is that scientists also looked at local and area levels and added the idea of justice.

这一尝试的最大不同之处在于，科学家还研究了地方和地区层面，并加入了公正的概念。

The justice part includes fairness between young and old generations, different nations and even different species.

公正部分包括年轻人和老年人之间、不同国家之间甚至不同物种之间的公平。

Frequently, it applies to conditions that harm people more than the planet.

通常，它适用于对人类的伤害大于对地球的伤害的情况。

An example of that is climate change.

气候变化就是一个例子。

The report uses the same boundary of 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming that international leaders agreed upon in the 2015 Paris climate agreement.

该报告使用了国际领导人在2015年《巴黎气候协定》中商定的1.5摄氏度的升温界限。

The world has so far warmed about 1.1 degrees Celsius so it has not crossed that safety fence, Rockstrom and Gupta said.

罗克斯特罗姆和古普塔说，到目前为止，全球气温已经上升了大约1.1摄氏度，所以它还没有越过安全围栏。

But that does not mean people are not being hurt.

但这并不意味着人们没有受到伤害。

"What we are trying to show through our paper is that even at 1 degree Centigrade there is a huge amount of damage taking place," Gupta said.

古普塔说：“我们试图通过我们的论文表明，即使全球气温上升了1摄氏度，也会产生巨大的破坏。

The planetary safety boundary of 1.5 degrees has not been reached.

1.5度的行星安全界限没有被突破。

But the "just" boundary of 1 degree where people are hurt has been.

但令人们受伤的1度的“公正”界限已经被打破。

Stanford environmental studies head Chris Field was not part of the research.

斯坦福大学环境研究负责人克里斯·菲尔德没有参与这项研究。

He said he would want even more strict boundaries.

他说，他希望有更严格的界限。

"Sustainability and justice are inseparable," he said.

他说：“可持续性与公正密不可分”。

I'm Dan Novak.

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